Khamenei casts his vote in early minutes

Amid growing calls for boycott by dissidents and activists, Iranians began voting for a new president on Friday, a week after a lackluster voter turnout in the snap election that followed Ebrahim Raisi's death in a helicopter crash.

The June 28 ballot marked a historic low turnout, when over 60% of Iranian voters abstained from voting to decide on a successor to Raisi. The low participation is seen by critics as a vote of no confidence in the Islamic Republic.

The runoff is a tight race between lawmaker Masoud Pezeshkian, the sole moderate in the original field of four candidates, and hardline former nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili.

Polls open at 8 a.m. local time (0430 GMT) and close at 6 p.m. (1430 GMT), but are usually extended until as late as midnight. The final result will be announced on Saturday, although initial figures may come out sooner.

The hashtag #ElectionCircus has been widely posted on social media platform X by Iranians in the past few weeks.

Facing charges of armed rebellion, she has become a symbol of the Iranian government's repression of dissent.

Farhad Meysami, a civil activist, has opposed the death sentence issued to Mohammadi on Thursday and has pledged to go on a hunger strike in front of the Revolutionary Court in Rasht if the sentence is not revoked. In a statement, he declared, "If you want to execute Mohammadi, dig two graves."

The Campaign to Defend Mohammadi stated on Instagram, "This sentence is based on the pretext of Mohammadi's membership in an independent, public, and legal labor organization a decade ago, demonstrating the baselessness of the verdict." The campaign labeled the ruling as intended to instill fear among activists as the government continues to oppress any voices of dissent.

Mohammadi, arrested in December 2023, is one of the latest in a wave of executions aimed at quashing dissent. Last year, 834 Iranians were executed, according to the United Nations, marking a record high and a 50 percent increase from the previous year. At least 22 of those executed were women, making Iran the world's number one executioner of women. The 2023 figures were the highest since 2014, according to Iran Human Rights.

The campaign has called for Mohammadi's acquittal and unconditional release, declaring, "This sentence is not only against Sharifeh but is a declaration of war and a death sentence against all social and civil activists."

In January, the UN called for an end to the "horrific wave of executions" underway, with 67 executions in May alone.

According to rights groups, during her detention, Mohammadi was deprived of basic prisoner rights, such as in-person visits and phone calls. For a long time, she was denied visits with her family, especially her child, and was not allowed to contact them by phone. The physical and psychological torture inflicted on Mohammadi by Ministry of Intelligence officials was so severe that prison authorities protested out of fear for her life.

Vida Mohammadi, Sharifeh’s cousin, reported to Radio Farda about the torture she endured during her two-month imprisonment in Sanandaj prison. She stated that inmates in other cells had repeatedly witnessed Mohammadi being tortured. According to Vida, Sharifeh was a member of the Coordination Committee for the Establishment of Labor Organizations, an independent and legal organization, until 10 years ago, but she has not been a member since. She emphasized that Mohammadi has no affiliation with any political organizations inside or outside the country and has only conducted independent activities for women or in support of workers. Vida stated that issuing such a sentence after 10 years and the charge of "rebellion" is baseless.

The Syndicate of Workers of Tehran and Suburbs Bus Company on Wednesday condemned the charges against the labor activist in a statement, calling the charge of "rebellion" against her "completely baseless" and "pure falsehood" and demanded her immediate and unconditional release.

Earlier, on June 26, Mohammadi's mother expressed concern about her daughter's condition in a video and called for information about her. Mohammadi's husband was also arrested for following up on her situation and was recently released.

This incident occurs amid increasing security and judicial crackdowns on labor activists, teachers, and retirees. Following rampant inflation in recent years and the wide gap between income and household expenses, various groups, including workers, teachers, and retirees, have staged widespread protests and strikes. The protests intensified amid the "Woman, Life, Freedom" demonstrations following Mahsa Amini's death in morality police custody, but they were met with repression by the government.

In a joint statement issued June 27, the MPs and senators highlighted concerns over human rights violations and targeting of Baha’i women in Iran.

"In light of the alarming targeting of women in Iran, we, Members of Parliament and Senators from across Europe express our profound dismay at an escalation in the attacks against Baha’i women who face dual persecution, as women and as Baha’is," the statement read.

The joint statement pointed out that since March this year, 72 out of 92 Baha’is summoned to court were women. "We urgently call upon the Iranian authorities to immediately halt the persecution of Baha'is, release all Baha'i prisoners, and ensure the protection of their full spectrum of human rights," it added.

“The Iranian government must know that their crimes against the innocent Baha’i community in Iran have become evident to all —and that in Europe, and across the world, their abuse of the human rights of women and minorities and systematic persecution of Baha’is is laid bare for the world to see,” said Rachel Bayani, the Baha’i International Community (BIC) Representative to the European institutions in Brussels in a statement.

In April, more than a dozen Iranian Baha'i women from Baharestan, in the central province of Esfahan, were summoned to court on arbitrary charges of propaganda against the state and participating in activities contrary to Islamic law.

In March, Anisa Fanaiyan, an Iranian Baha'i, was sentenced to 16 years in prison on charges including "establishing and managing a group with the intention of undermining national security," and "deviant educational and propagandistic activities contrary to Islamic law."

Iran is home to over 300,000 Baha'is, making them the largest non-Muslim religious minority in the country. They have faced systematic persecution since the 1979 revolution, with over 200 Baha’is executed in the early 1980s.

The current Iranian constitution recognizes only four religions: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, thereby excluding the Baha'i faith and subjecting its followers to widespread discrimination and persecution.

It's a question David Lammy will face from the start as the UK's new Foreign Secretary, a post he shadowed in opposition from 2021.

Talking to London-based foreign journalists a few days before the election (a foregone conclusion at that stage though he was careful not to say so), Lammy said that he would be engaged with the Middle East “from Day One”.

Up to then, questions to the Foreign Secretary-to-be were focused on Europe, Asia, the US. Lammy even worked in a nod to a possible future Trump presidency by talking of his good working relations with senior Republican figures.

He turned to the Middle East last - it’s always a tricky subject for British foreign secretaries but Lammy sounded confident and even enthusiastic when he spoke of his many trips there and the “very close working relations” he maintained across the region.

Talking about the Israel-Gaza conflict, Lammy said that “ working with our partners is essential, we’ve talked about the need for a new contact group that will include some Arab partners and I remain very concerned about the risk and prospect of escalation in Lebanon. I was in Lebanon a few months ago and I’m in good contact with Amos Hochstein, the US coordinator for Lebanon and of course I will be very engaged from Day One…”

And engagement from Day One on the Middle East, said Lammy “of course (was on) Iran, too.” He was, Lammy said, “very concerned about Iran’s proxy relationship with many of the actors that are causing a lot of problems across the region, Hamas, Hezbollah, the Houthis particularly, as you would expect me to be and we’ve always raised our concerns within Iran about the IRGC and repression within Iran and I think you’ll find on Labour backbenches particularly a lot of concern about that.”

And Labour front benches, too, where shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper as well as Lammy himself and other prominent Labour politicians have called for tough action against the IRGC, including proscription.

The cross-Party interest in Iran over the past two years across both the House of Commons and House of Lords has been unprecedented. In the weeks before the election, some 500 MPs and Lords called on a new government to proscribe the IRGC in two separate letters to the then government.

The mood of the new Parliament has yet to be known. But the Labour manifesto is clear that “assassination plots by the IRGC” are among the rise in threats in the UK from hostile states and state-sponsored groups “but Britain lacks a comprehensive framework to protect us. Labour will take the approach used for dealing with non-state terrorism and adapt it to deal with state=based domestic security threats.”

Both the new Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary called on the last Conservative government to amend the UK’s Terrorism Act 2000 to introduce a new category of proscription to cover hostile state actors. Starmer’s government now has the opportunity to do so itself - possibly encouraged by the example of Canada and
reports of the European Union’s foreign action service examining the legalities of proscribing the IRGC at Germany's behest.

Amirsalar Davoudi, a lawyer incarcerated in Evin Prison, denounced the election as a "selection" in a letter from prison. He declared his refusal to participate, asserting that the Islamic Republic pursues only a path of "lies and deceit."

In recent weeks, many dissidents have expressed publicly that the upcoming election is a manipulated facade rather than a genuine democratic process.

In his letter, Davoudi pointed out that there is disagreement among some intellectuals and advocates who want a fundemantal change in the country, about whether they should participate in the election or not.

The lawyer and dissident has been sentenced to imprisonment for advocating for a total system overhaul through the empowerment of the people.

In his fifth year of a 10-year sentence, Davoudi is widely regarded as embodying resistance to a government criticized for suppressing genuine democratic expression.

Sepideh Gholian, another political prisoner, described abstaining from voting as a form of "civil resistance" under current conditions.

Given the absence of a democratic mechanism in Iran, elections are widely believed to be predetermined outcomes by the country's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.

She says that participating in the elections allows Tehran to present a false image of "legitimacy," especially in international forums.

Gholian emphasized that the Islamic Republic is striving to be perceived as legitimate following its "severe and bloody" crackdown on the nationwide protests in 2022.

In direct contrast, those boycotting the election at great risk say that their protest is intended to signal to other countries that the state lacks legitimacy among the broader populace.

Gholian expressed hope for the eventual "overthrow" of the Islamic Republic, illustrating the deep-seated desire for systemic change among many Iranians.

Farhad Meysami, a civil activist and former political prisoner, denied reports of his participation in the elections. In an Instagram post, Meysami declared that he did not need an attorney or guardian to express his views. His response was prompted by claims from some reformist political activists, including Mohammadreza Jalaeipour, about his alleged participation.

This incident highlights the presence of manipulation and misinformation in political discourse in Iran, with false narratives potentially swaying public perception.

Meysami called on those spreading the "false news" to correct it, emphasizing the importance of truthful representation in the fight for genuine democratic processes.

Former political prisoner Abolfazl Ghadiani also called for a boycott of the election. He emphasized that the solution to Iran's problems lies in transforming the “ruling religious dictatorship” into a “democratic secular republic” through “civil and political resistance.”

Ghadiani’s stance echoes a broader sentiment among activists who believe that superficial electoral changes are insufficient and that only a complete overhaul of the political system can address the root issues facing the country.

Motahareh Gounei, an exiled student and detainee from nationwide protests, reiterated her stance on not voting in a post on X.

She stressed that her red line is "human dignity" and the “defense of civil rights,” not the whims of the leadership and the policies of the Islamic Republic.

Gounei’s message also highlighted the personal sacrifices and risks undertaken by activists who oppose the current government, often enduring imprisonment and exile. She emphasized that a bright future will be built by people who no longer have faith in the government, underscoring the profound disillusionment with the existing political framework.

Many observers say that this collective and unprecedented action represents a complete rejection of the current political system, aiming to communicate to both domestic authorities and the international community the pressing need for real change.