Heavy Snow, Rainfall In Iran Bring A Measure Of Hope Amid Drought

Only a fraction of Soleimani’s activities have been revealed, said Shirazi on Saturday, further stressing that “nobody” knows what the slain IRGC commander did except for Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.

It is not unprecedented for those in the inner circle of power in the Islamic Republic to employ a magniloquent and sycophantic rhetoric to praise Khamenei and Soleimani to guarantee their upward mobility on political and economic ladders within the theocratic establishment.

Soleimani, the Iranian regime’s top military and intelligence operative in the Middle East, was killed in a US drone strike in January 2020 in Iraq.

Via a costly and extensive propaganda campaign, the Islamic Republic has tried to promote the image of Soleimani as a national hero.

However, many Iranians view the slain IRGC commander as a destructive figure, labeling him a master terrorist, echoing the terminology used by the United States. Some critics argue that his primary focus was on developing Iran’s regional militant proxy networks rather than addressing domestic concerns.

Earlier in the month, Markus Rosch, the Istanbul-based correspondent for the German public TV station ARD, sparked anger over his report that claimed all Iranians worship Soleimani.

“Every Iranian, whether opposition or not, worships him as a hero,” he had told millions of viewers watching the popular ARD Tagesschau news program. Rosch’s comment about a man accused of fomenting bloodshed in the Middle East triggered widespread outrage on social media, prompting Rosch to apologize.

In a statement on X, he asserted that the Houthi group is "fully committed to maritime security and shipping," despite their repeated attacks on commercial vessels.

Amir-Abdollahian went further to call on the White House to halt its "comprehensive military and security support" for Israel in its conflict with Hamas, suggesting that redirecting the support would contribute to "restoring security across the entire region."

Earlier, Naser Kanaani, spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic, condemned the US and British attacks on the Houthis, denouncing them as "a self-serving act, a clear violation of Yemen's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and a breach of international laws and rights."

On Friday evening, supporters of the Islamic Republic gathered outside the British Embassy in Tehran, vocalizing their discontent with the United States and Britain.

Citing financial and arms support from the Islamic Republic to the Houthi rebels, the United States and its allies hold Tehran responsible for the recent attacks on vessels in the Red Sea.

UK Defense Secretary Grant Shapps, in a message to Iran, demanded an immediate cessation of support for the Yemeni Houthi militants, amid the ongoing conflict involving Israel and Gaza. The call coincides with coordinated airstrikes targeting over 60 Houthi sites in Yemen, indicating an intensified international response to the escalating tensions in the region.

In a related context, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, asserted on Friday that without Iran's support, the Houthi militants lack the capability to carry out attacks on commercial ships.

Tavakoli blamed the shrinking on several factors including mismanagement, drought, and increased water diversion for irrigated agriculture within the lake’s watershed.

“Like all totalitarian regimes, food self-sufficiency has been a core priority of the Islamic Republic’s ideology. Regardless of the precarious hydrography of the country, the regime multiplied projects that diverted water from the rivers feeding Lake Urmia, taking more than half of its inflow to irrigate agricultural lands,” she went on to say.

In late March and early April 2019, 26 of Iran’s 31 provinces were affected by flooding from the rain and the seasonal melting of snow cover in the mountains. The rains were reported to be the heaviest Iran had seen in 50 years. The unprecedented phenomenon raised hopes for the restoration of Lake Urmia as its depth increased by 62 centimeters (24 inches) compared to the spring of 2018. However, the positive impact of the heavy rains did not last long.

Referring to the incident, Tavakoli stressed that seasonal rainfall alone cannot save Lake Urmia and a profound change in water management policies is necessary.

“The increased salinity caused an alteration of local climate which induced an acceleration of water evaporation. In addition, the water diversion projects have proliferated, which did not allow for this temporary return of water to last more than a few months,” she stated.

In a report released in October, 2023, NASA Earth Observatory confirmed that most of the basin of Lake Urmia was filled with water in September 2020 subsequent to a period of above-average precipitation. Despite this phenomenon, “the longer-term trend for Urmia has been one toward drying” as a result of “consecutive droughts, agricultural water use, and dam construction on rivers feeding the lake,” NASA Earth Observatory added. 

Meanwhile, an Iranian official said on Thursday that Lake Urmia has completely dried up and the calls for its revival are “unrealistic.”

“The lake has no water anymore and there is nothing in its bed but salt and dust,” Ahad Vazifeh, head of the National Center of Climate and Drought Crisis Management, told Rouydad24 news website. He warned that what has befallen the lake will have “dangerous repercussions” for the region. If the lake bed remains dry, it can turn into a source of dust which can affect the whole region.

The main cause of the disappearance of Lake Urmia was the indiscriminate drainage of its water supplies, stressed Vazifeh, noting that no practical step has been taken to revive the lake.

In April 2023, NASA MODIS warned of the “tragic” consequences of the complete loss of the lake: “The mineral crust and bottom sediments contain not only salt, but heavy toxic metals used in industry and toxic agricultural substances. As the lakebed is exposed and desiccated, these may become airborne and pose a risk to the environment and people.”

Located between the provinces of East and West Azarbaijan provinces in northwestern Iran, Lake Urmia was the second largest lake in the Middle East and the sixth-largest saltwater lake on Earth with an original surface area of 5,200 square kilometers in the 1970s, or 2,000 square miles.

Back in November, Iranian daily Etemad reported that the lake retains only four percent of its water, which means that it is dead.

Iran Briefing, a group of investigative journalists, speculated in December that authorities have been mining titanium, present in Lake Urmia, which could explain why the once thriving salt-lake has dried up.

Several videos were also released of trucks allegedly carrying titanium around the lake. The Urmia region possesses a titanium mine and magnesium recovered from lake brine can be used to refine it.

Some experts have also ruled out the possibility of reviving the lake which has been illegally salt mined for years, with rumors last year of lithium mining. “It is not in the government’s interest, will, or power to revive Lake Urmia,” Roozbeh Eskandari, a hydraulic structures and dam construction expert, told Iran International. 

Iran’s Environment Department has dismissed reports of lithium extraction from Lake Urmia and the alleged involvement of China in it. The Director of Environmental Protection in West Azarbaijan, Saeed Shahand, claimed that the activities in question solely pertain to “salt extraction, not lithium.”

Shapps, in an exclusive interview with The Telegraph, emphasized that global patience is wearing thin and expressed deep concern over the continuous missile attacks on trade vessels in the Bab el-Mandab Strait and the Red Sea.

“You must get the Houthi rebels, others who are acting as proxies for you, Lebanese Hezbollah are obvious examples, [and] some in Iraq and Syria, you must get these different organizations to cease and desist,” he addressed Tehran.

Iran is the main supporter of Houthi rebels. Iran's involvement in the current conflict, which started after Hamas Islamist militia attacked Israel on October 7, extends to providing aid and training to Hamas as well as dozens of militia groups in Iraq and Syria along with substantial financial and logistic backing to Hezbollah in Lebanon.

The remarks by the British defense secretary came in the wake of coordinated US and UK airstrikes on Houthi targets in Yemen, signaling a heightened international response to the escalating tensions in the region.

The military strikes were a retaliatory measure in response to recent attacks on trade vessels, which have led several companies to suspend operations in the region.

Following the joint strikes on Friday, the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs accused the US and UK of supporting "war crimes" committed by Israel against the Palestinian people and Gaza.

Ali Jafarian emphasized the shifting dynamics in the medical profession, revealing a decline in demand for residency positions within the country, leading to a growing dependence on foreign physicians.

Highlighting the stark contrast from five decades ago when doctors from India and Bangladesh sought employment in Iran, Jafarian noted that the current trend sees them heading to the UK. The change is reflective of the fact that physicians no longer find Iran as attractive as it once was.

Inflation has been hovering above 40 percent for more than three years and monthly minimum wages have declined to around $200.

“It means we are steering the country towards a future where even finding an anesthesiologist for an appendix operation in a rural area becomes challenging," he added.

The exodus extends beyond physicians to include a surge in healthcare professionals such as dentists, midwives, and nurses. Sharply declining incomes, professional limitations, and lack of social and political freedoms are identified as major catalysts for the trend. According to Iran's Nurses’ Organization there is an estimate of an annual emigration of 2,500 to 3,000 nurses.

In May 2023, MP Hossein Ali Shahriari disclosed that around 10,000 healthcare practitioners had departed Iran for opportunities in the Arab world over the previous two years.