At least 180 university students in Tehran have been summoned to disciplinary committees by text message, a University of Tehran students’ group said in a post on its Telegram channel, amid anti-establishment student protests. It added that more than 60 others were told by phone not to attend university.
"We are ready to address concerns but we are not ready to give up our right for peaceful use of nuclear tech," Iran’s foreign minister Abbas Araghchi said in an interview with India Today TV.
He added that Tehran is not developing long-range missiles.
"We are not developing long range missiles. We have limited range to below 2000kms intentionally," he said. "We don’t want it to be a global threat. We only have (them) to defend ourselves. Our missiles build deterrence."
Iranians at home and abroad watched President Donald Trump’s State of the Union address late Tuesday searching for clues about war or peace—and emerged more uncertain than before.
Across Iran and the diaspora, many stayed up through the night to follow the speech via satellite television and livestreams, many hoping to detect signals about the likelihood of a US military strike in the coming days.
By morning, Persian-language social media reflected a swirl of alarm, anticipation and skepticism.
In his address, Trump accused Tehran and its proxy forces of spreading “terrorism and hatred” and said Iran continues to pursue missile and nuclear capabilities despite years of US pressure.
“As president, I will make peace wherever I can, but I will never hesitate to confront threats to America wherever we must,” he added.
For some Iranians, the balance of menace and ambiguity less than two days before the third round of talks between Tehran and Washington suggested escalation was near.
“President Trump issued the order for a military strike and put the final nail in the coffin of the Islamic Republic,” one user wrote on X. “In the coming hours, we will certainly witness very important events.”
Another focused on Trump’s reference to ballistic missiles—an issue Tehran insists should not be part of current negotiations—arguing it signaled the likelihood of military action may be greater than that of a deal.
“When Trump explicitly declares that the missiles of this criminal cult will soon reach American soil, it means that all paths of diplomacy have reached their final dead end,” a third wrote.
Yet others pushed back against what they saw as over-interpretation.
One user described the speech as “a bucket of cold water poured over warmongers,” arguing that Trump largely repeated familiar themes without announcing new measures.
“This speech, in no way, met the expectations of those who were waiting for a new step,” he wrote.
Another suggested Washington’s military buildup in the region told a different story than the speech itself. “The negotiations are less about reaching an agreement and more a tool for managing public opinion and buying time to prepare militarily,” he argued.
The divergence in reactions underscored the high stakes ahead of Thursday’s talks in Geneva, widely seen as a potentially decisive round amid reports that Washington has set informal timelines for progress.
Iranian officials sought to project steadiness.
President Masoud Pezeshkian said negotiations were proceeding under the guidance of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and expressed hope the country could move beyond its current state of “neither war nor peace.”
Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi struck a similar dual tone. “
The Islamic Republic is prepared for both war and peace,” he told India Today, warning that any confrontation could quickly escalate into a “devastating” regional conflict while insisting that a “fair, balanced, and just” agreement remains attainable.
Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, however, warned that Iran would respond forcefully if the United States took military action while talks are underway.
Outside official circles, analysts also offered competing readings. Jason Brodsky, policy director at United Against Nuclear Iran, wrote on X that Trump appeared to be laying “public groundwork” for a military strike.
While there was “a brief nod to diplomacy,” he said, most of the speech underscored “the threat and the lethality of the regime,” suggesting limited optimism about negotiations.
As interpretations ricocheted across platforms, one post seemed to capture the broader mood: “These words reeked of war. May God preserve Iran.”
China appears to be replacing disrupted Venezuelan oil shipments with Russian crude rather than Iranian barrels, despite steeper discounts being offered by Tehran.
According to data from commodity intelligence firm Kpler, shared with Iran International, China discharged an average of 1.138 million barrels per day (bpd) of Iranian crude at its ports this month—about 115,000 bpd less than in January.
Separate figures from Vortexa show China’s average purchases of Iranian oil this month at just over 1.03 million bpd, marking a decline of 220,000 bpd compared to January.
The disruption began after a maritime blockade targeting Venezuelan tankers and the subsequent detention of former Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro by US commandos on January 3. As a result, deliveries to China were interrupted, and several Chinese refiners halted purchases altogether.
Vortexa data indicate that Russian crude rapidly filled the gap.
This month, China received an average of 2.07 million bpd of Russian oil—370,000 bpd more than in January. Notably, this increase roughly matches Venezuela’s average crude exports to China in 2025, suggesting a near one-for-one replacement.
Supply stability
The decline in Iranian crude discharges comes despite a Reuters report that Iran is offering even deeper discounts than Russia to Chinese refiners.
This month, Iran is reportedly offering discounts of $10–11 per barrel on its light crude, roughly 16% of benchmark value and similar to those offered by Russia.
Beijing appears to be prioritizing supply stability over marginal price differences, given Iran’s uncertain trajectory amid ongoing nuclear talks and the shadow of potential military escalation.
China’s small independent refiners, known as “teapots,” are effectively the only buyers of sanctioned Iranian and Venezuelan oil. A significant portion of Russia’s crude exports to China also flows to these refiners.
Teapot refiners account for about 20% of China’s total crude imports. Unlike major state-owned refiners, they lack extensive strategic storage capacity and cannot rely on large internal inventories or risk sudden feedstock disruptions such as the Venezuelan supply shock.
Under these circumstances, relying on a relatively more stable supplier such as Russia appears commercially safer than depending on Iran, which currently faces escalating threats of potential US military action.
Almost a fifth of global crude consumption is transported through the Straits of Hormuz that Tehran has repeatedly warned it could close in the event of a major war.
Last year, the United States sanctioned 84% of the tankers involved in lifting Iranian crude. Those measures contributed to a decline in Iranian deliveries to Chinese refiners in the final months of the year, with the downward trend continuing into the current year.
US President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 25% tariff on Iran’s trading partners in 2026. Given that China exported over $400 billion worth of goods to the United States in 2025, it is unlikely that Beijing will ignore the potential impact of such tariff threats.
The US Treasury Department on Wednesday imposed new Iran-related sanctions on four individuals as well as several entities and tankers, a notice on the department’s website showed.
“Iran exploits financial systems to sell illicit oil, launder the proceeds, procure components for its nuclear and conventional weapons programs, and support its terrorist proxies,” Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent said in a statement on Wednesday.
“Under President Trump’s strong leadership, Treasury will continue to put maximum pressure on Iran to target the regime’s weapons capabilities and support for terrorism, which it has prioritized over the lives of the Iranian people,” Bessent added.
Wednesday's sanctions target over 30 individuals, entities, and vessels which the US Treasury said enable illicit Iranian petroleum sales and Iran’s ballistic missile and advanced conventional weapons (ACW) production.
Saudi Arabia is increasing oil production and exports as part of a contingency plan in case any US strike on Iran disrupts Middle East supplies, Reuters reported, citing two sources familiar with the plan.
The plan involves raising output to boost exports but scaling back later to remain in line with OPEC+ quotas if no disruption occurs, the report said, citing the sources.
Saudi Arabia adopted a similar approach last year, lifting exports by about 0.5 million barrels per day and shipping more crude to overseas storage when the United States attacked Iranian nuclear sites.
The kingdom will dial back on the plan if no disruption happens and will produce less oil later to keep in line with its OPEC+ quotas, the report cited one of the sources as saying.
