US military ‘never targets civilians, unlike the IRGC,’ CENTCOM says

Global News identified him as Mohammad-Reza Ghafouri-Fard, a 45-year-old Edmonton resident who has done business in Canada under the name Sal Ghafouri and whose father, HassanGhafouri-Fard, was a conservative Member of Parliament and former vice-president to Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

Citing a recently declassified Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) report, Global News said Ghafouri had been the subject of a long-running investigation over his alleged work for Iran’s military and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

According to the report, CSIS said Ghafouri was “involved in the research and development of Iranian military technologies” and allegedly helped develop a guided anti-aircraft missile system and an electronic warfare tool intended to counter US aircraft.

The report said CSIS also alleged that Ghafouri participated in a “covert procurement structure” that used a company in Southeast Asia to obtain components for Iranian military projects that were unavailable because of sanctions.

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Government contracts

Global News said public records showed companies founded by Ghafouri received more than $2 million in government contracts, including from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Department of National Defence.

The report said Ghafouri had been flagged by immigration investigators for national security reasons in 2017 but later won procurement contracts, including two worth more than $1.5 million from the Canadian military. His companies continued receiving federal money after CSIS completed its security screening report in 2023, it said.

Alleged military work

Ghafouri worked for Iranian company Rabi Kosar, which CSIS described as conducting research and development for Iran’s military.

According to the CSIS report, Ghafouri worked on the Shahin missile used in Iran’s Mersad air-defense system, the RAAD electronic warfare project and the SINA direction-finding system, which had military applications including locating ships in the Persian Gulf.

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  Canada says ex-Iranian official 'critical' to revenue tied to terror funding

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  Canada deports former Iranian official linked to 2019 protest crackdown

CSIS alleged Ghafouri was later reassigned to procurement work, where requirements for military components were passed to a Malaysia-based contact who sourced parts from third countries, including the United States.

Ghafouri returned to Iran in 2015 and met twice with members of Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security, who questioned him about his activities in Canada and advised him on how to respond if approached by Canadian police or intelligence services.

Citizenship case

Global News said Canada’s immigration department informed Ghafouri in May 2026 that it was launching proceedings to deny him citizenship on the grounds that he was a “threat to the security of Canada.”

Canada Border Services Agency had separately decided to launch deportation proceedings against him over his employment activities in Iran but withdrew the case in November because of an “inability to use the required evidence.”

His lawyer, Bjorna Shkurti, told Global News that Ghafouri “strongly disputes the allegations made against him” and intends to pursue all available legal avenues.

Global News said Ghafouri is also pursuing legal action over delays to his citizenship application and has argued in court filings that he answered CSIS questions truthfully, contributed significantly to Canada and does not pose a security threat.

“This time you fight. Help from the people is on its way,” one Iran International audience told the US president, turning back on Trump a phrase he used during earlier anti-government protests.

Trump asked the question on Truth Social on Tuesday night while rejecting an ABC News report that he was seeking to bring Iran into negotiations.

“I’m not trying to force Iran to the bargaining table... I couldn’t care less if they sign a worthless, to them, agreement,” Trump wrote.

“I like our position now much better, with almost total control of the Hormuz Strait, and their economy totally collapsing. They are just playing out the inevitable. When are the Iranian people going to rise up and fight?” Trump added.

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  'Help is on the way': to whom?

Thousands of responses sent to Iran International pointed to a common argument: Iranians have repeatedly confronted the Islamic Republic, but many are reluctant to return to the streets without greater confidence that its forces can no longer suppress them and that outside powers will not change course.

‘People have been fighting for 47 years’

Several respondents pointed to successive waves of anti-government protests in Iran and the heavy costs borne by demonstrators.

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“The people of Iran fought and rose up a thousand times beyond their capacity. Now it is time for other countries to help them,” one wrote.

“The people of Iran have been fighting for 47 years,” another told Trump.

Others pointed to protesters who took to the streets on January 8 and 9, asking when people who confronted government forces without weapons would receive meaningful assistance.

Some respondents said further negotiations between Washington and the Islamic Republic would undermine Iranians seeking political change.

“This government does not represent the people. Negotiating with the killers of the people is a mistake. Help so that the people themselves can finish the job,” one respondent wrote.

Fear of another crackdown

The prospect of another crackdown featured prominently in the messages, with people arguing that the capacity of security forces would have to be weakened before another uprising could succeed.

One described reducing the strength of forces used against demonstrators as the most important condition for renewed street protests.

“No matter how brave you are, if you know you will be killed by snipers, it is foolish to fight empty-handed,” another respondent wrote, referring to Trump’s previous calls for Iranians to protest.

On March 15, Trump said: “The protesters have no guns. And I know you’re a brave person, but I don’t think you’d be protesting. And so I think it’s very hard for them to protest. I fully understand it.”

Another person said ordinary people could not be treated as “cannon fodder,” adding that an uprising without a plan would be a mistake.

Several respondents said people would return to the streets when they believed the authorities’ ability to suppress demonstrations had been sufficiently weakened. Others pointed to disabling checkpoints and disrupting security structures as steps that could change the balance.

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“Mr. Trump, continue the naval blockade and add a land blockade. Give [Benjamin] Netanyahu a free hand to destroy the system of repression, and then the people of Iran are ready to overthrow the Islamic Republic,” another one wrote.

Some also called for increased pressure on the Islamic Republic and clearer international backing for exiled Prince Reza Pahlavi during a potential transition.

Trump’s ‘help is on its way’ message returns

A separate strand of responses focused on mistrust of Washington and concern that Trump could encourage another uprising only to resume negotiations with the Islamic Republic.

“We are afraid that we will come out and you will negotiate with the mullahs’ regime again,” read a message.

“The people of Iran will rise when you do not negotiate with this murderous regime,” another wrote.

Trump had urged Iranians to continue protesting during demonstrations in January and told them that “help is on its way,” a message several respondents invoked in answering his latest question.

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  Iranians plead with Trump not to negotiate with the Islamic Republic

“When you said help was on its way, people came into the streets, but you sat down and made a deal with the government.”

The respondent added that if Iranians returned to the streets, they would do so “to fight and regain their own freedom,” rather than to advance US strategy.

Some arrive in their own cars to buy drugs before losing their homes, sleeping in their vehicles and, in some cases, becoming homeless within weeks, according to social workers interviewed in the newspaper’s field report.

“We are now encountering a different group of women, women who sometimes had relatively normal lives until middle age, had families and children and were not even drug users before entering these spaces,” Sepideh Alizadeh, a social worker, told the daily.

There are no recent official figures showing how many homeless women live in Tehran or allowing the increase described by social workers to be precisely measured.

From homes and cars to drug sites

At one drug-use site in wasteland near Tehran’s Azadegan Highway, men and women queued to buy heroin from a dealer operating from a cavity among large rocks, paying in cash or by card before consuming the drug nearby.

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Among them were women whose appearance still differed markedly from people who had spent longer periods living at such sites.

One woman was living in her own car and using heroin there. A social worker pointed her out before she placed a metal pipe to her lips and drove away in her white sedan with another drug user.

“She still hasn't ended up like the others at the site and lives in her own car,” the social worker said.

Others described women following a similar trajectory, initially driving to the area to buy drugs before sleeping in their cars and eventually losing them.

People gathered at the site also described a young woman who had given birth several weeks earlier in one of the makeshift rooms scattered across the wasteland.

“Her baby was born right here at the drug site, but she has disappeared since that day,” one person there said.

Another man said the woman had gone into hiding because she feared the authorities would take the child away.

“She disappeared because she was afraid of the welfare authorities,” he said. “They say the baby was born addicted, but nobody knows where they are now.”

Shargh said attempts to locate the mother and baby were unsuccessful, including a visit to a makeshift room off the highway where people at the site believed they had been hiding.

Poverty and the inability to afford housing are increasingly exposing women to such environments, including some who had not previously used drugs.

The risks can extend to entire families. In another case described by a social worker, a couple and their young child were living in a vehicle until social emergency services intervened and transferred the child to the state welfare organization because of the conditions.

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Middle-aged women increasingly visible

Tehran has no up-to-date figures for its homeless female population, but available data point to a broader problem with homelessness in the capital.

Tehran municipality identified about 24,000 homeless people in 2021. Calls concerning homeless families increased in early 2025, and a Tehran City Council spokesman later pointed to an increase in visibly dependent drug users in parts of the capital.

Social workers say middle-aged women have become more visible at drug-use sites in recent years, particularly since the 40-day war with the US and Israel.

Many women encountered at such sites in previous years had already experienced addiction or other forms of severe social instability. Social workers now describe seeing women who maintained homes and families into middle age before financial pressures left them without secure housing.

Some initially live in cars, pickup trucks or temporary shelters. Without early support, homelessness can expose them to drug use and accelerate a descent that becomes increasingly difficult to reverse.

Violence and barriers to treatment

Women living at drug-use sites face heightened exposure to violence, theft and exploitation and can have less ability to defend themselves or escape confrontations.

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Efforts to clear established gathering places can worsen their vulnerability by dispersing people to more remote areas where harm-reduction services are harder to access, the report said.

For those seeking to stop using drugs, access to voluntary treatment presents another obstacle.

The decision to seek treatment may last only a matter of hours before withdrawal, hunger or a return to the same surroundings leads someone back to drug use, social workers told Shargh.

Treatment costs, administrative procedures and admission restrictions can prevent people without money from receiving help during that window, even as resources remain available for compulsory treatment programs.

No decision has been made on returning to full-scale conflict, but top aides to US President Donald Trump are pushing to keep the war relatively contained until the election as Republicans defend narrow majorities in Congress.

“We are keeping the pressure on Iran,” one White House official said. “But November is a priority.”

Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio are among the senior officials supporting efforts to keep the conflict relatively quiet until November, two White House officials told Reuters.

The sources said containing the war could limit its impact on Republican midterm campaigns and give the US military time to replenish depleted munitions. High gasoline prices have also contributed to public dissatisfaction with the conflict.

“The timetable has changed,” one senior White House official said. Another added: “The calendar is driving Iran.”

Reuters reported in August that the US military had used “virtually all” of its stock of some long-range precision missiles. The Pentagon, however, said the military had “everything it needs to execute” its mission.

The sources said Washington was focusing for now on intensifying economic pressure through sanctions and its naval blockade, seeking concessions in future negotiations that months of military action had failed to secure.

Trump warned on Tuesday that further Iranian action would bring a stronger US response.

“If the failed Nation of Iran retaliates for this very justified attack, they will be hit again at a much harder and higher level, but it will not be the biggest attack of them all, that is waiting in the wings,” he wrote on Truth Social.

White House spokeswoman Olivia Wales defended the administration’s strategy, saying: “President Trump has destroyed Iran’s military capabilities and is crippling what’s left of its abysmal economy with the most powerful naval blockade in world history and crushing sanctions.”

“The President will continue to advance America’s interests at home and abroad and will never allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon,” she added.

The program, codenamed C430L, began in 2023 and continued during this year's war with the United States and Israel, the FT said.

Its main focus is a ramjet propulsion system that would allow a cruise missile to sustain flight at several times the speed of sound, reducing the time available for US and allied defenses to detect and intercept it.

“For the Iranians, this would give them a qualitatively new strategic weapon system that could threaten US Navy vessels,” Jim Lamson, a former CIA military analyst focused on Iran, told the FT.

Iran has built and flight-tested the propulsion system, but there is no evidence that a Russian-assisted supersonic cruise missile has entered service, the newspaper said.

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  Iranian nuclear scientists made covert visit to Russia for laser tech - FT

Russian technical support

The FT said Russia's state arms exporter Rosoboronexport arranged the program with missile developer NPO Mashinostroyenia.

Russian engineers made repeated trips to Iran before a contract was signed with Iran's Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics in November 2023, according to records reviewed by the newspaper.

By 2025, Russian specialists were analyzing Iranian flight-test data and advising Tehran on the ramjet's fuel system, combustion stability, air intake and engine nozzle.

“This is the transfer of a highly strategically sensitive military technology from Russia that the Iranians have wanted to acquire for decades,” Fabian Hinz, a senior analyst with Conflict Armament Research, told the FT.

“A programme like this would require political clearance from the very top in Russia,” he said.

• 

  Russia sent missile experts to Iran amid conflict with Israel - Reuters

The Kremlin, Rosoboronexport, NPO Mashinostroyenia and the Iranian government did not respond to requests for comment from the FT.

Potential naval impact

Supersonic cruise missiles combine high speed with low-altitude flight, making them harder for air and missile defenses to detect and engage quickly.

That could be particularly significant in the Persian Gulf, where the United States and its regional allies operate advanced land- and sea-based defenses.

Hinz said Russian engineering support could be especially valuable because it would help Iran solve technical problems rather than simply provide finished weapons.

“Getting a 60-year-old engineer to fly over and problem-solve, using their experience, is hugely valuable,” he said.

• 

  Iran fires back, but can missiles ease economic pain?

The FT said the program continued into 2026, with Russia preparing technical reports and both sides discussing a further phase of development.

A June 2026 Rosoboronexport letter showed talks were still under way over that next stage, though it was unclear whether it had begun.

Deeper military ties

The program points to a deeper form of military cooperation between Moscow and Tehran, with Russia helping Iran acquire the know-how to develop an advanced weapon system of its own.

Iran previously supplied Russia with Shahed attack drones used in Ukraine and helped Moscow establish domestic production.

The FT has also reported that Russia agreed to supply Iran with Verba shoulder-fired air defense systems, while Tehran acquired a high-resolution Chinese satellite later used to monitor US military facilities in the region.

“If the Russians are able to help the Iranians fix their technical problems, I think this would be one of the more impactful areas of Russian military-technical assistance to Iran in recent years,” Lamson said.