With the recent steep fall in the value of Iran's currency, rial, and surging inflation, fares have surged in public transport in Tehran, with taxi fares increasing as much as 45%.
The new tariffs, which came into force Saturday, would also include an average 28 percent hike for metro services and a 26 percent rise for buses. The changes were implemented after obtaining approval from the Tehran City Council and the Tehran Governorate.
The rise in transportation costs comes at a time when the country is experiencing one of the acutest economic crises in recent Iranian history. Observers caution that the fare hikes may exacerbate inflationary pressures further, as the cost of goods transportation also climbs, leading to higher consumer prices.
The high transport costs might also drive commuters to lower-cost but environmentally unfriendly alternatives like personal vehicles or motorcycles which will escalate traffic congestion further, increase emission levels, and degrade air quality.
This comes as a recent study revealed that one in three Iranians lives below the poverty line. This would mean that a family of three in Iran needs at least $400 a month to come to a level of at least meeting essential needs. However, the new minimum monthly wage has been set at 115 million Iranian rials or about 170 US dollars.
This has led to hard times for citizens, where many people find it difficult to afford some of the most essential dietary requirements, such as meat, fruits, and vegetables. Although authorities have given repeated vows to control inflation, the pledges have frequently fallen short, echoing previous unmet commitments.
The dangers facing Iranian cross-border porters, known as Kolbars, have intensified with numerous reports of fatalities and injuries at the hands of Iranian border guards.
“In the past four weeks, five kolbars have been killed by Iranian border guards in the border areas of Nowsud, Kermanshah Province, and Baneh, Kurdistan Province. Another five kolbars have died from frostbite, heart attacks and falls from mountain heights,” Kurdistan Human Rights Network said.
This week, Seyvan Dast-Afkan, a Kolbar in his thirties, became the latest victim when he was shot by Iranian border guards at the Tateh Pass in the Hawraman region of Sarvabad in Iran’s Kurdistan Province.
Dast-Afkan and his group were reportedly targeted without warning, the Kurdistan Human Rights Network (KHRN) said. According to the human rights group Hengaw, Dast-Afkan hails from Darreh Peyman in Marivan, Kurdistan Province. He leaves behind a family and a young child.
Human rights groups say the recent incidents highlight the grave risks these laborers continue to face, when they carry goods on their backs across Iran’s borders – often journeying long distances through the mountainous regions into Iraq.
In another case this month, two separate shootings by Iranian border guards resulted in fatalities. Mehrdad Abdollahzadeh, a 20-year-old Kolbar from Maraghan village in Sardasht, fell to his death after being targeted in the mountainous areas of Bitush village.
Simultaneously, Omid Saeidi met a similar fate in the Bastam border area, with his dead body abandoned by the Iranian border guards, until he was discovered hours later by locals.
Late March, two kolbars lost their lives and four others sustained injuries in falls from mountainous terrain in Hawraman and Sardasht. Shoresh Shokri, among the fallen, succumbed to his injuries en route to receive medical care.
The brutality at the hands of the Iranian border guards extends beyond shootings.
Fardin Veysi endured severe injuries on April 6 after being fired on by Iranian border guards in the Hangeh-ye Zhal border area of Baneh, Kurdistan Province. The use of pellet guns at close range left him with critical wounds to his abdomen and hand.
According to Kolbar News, between March 2023 and March 2024, 444 Kolbars in the border areas and inter-provincial routes between West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah provinces were killed or injured due to factors such as direct shooting by regime military forces, avalanches, frostbite, stepping on mines, falling from mountains and heights, and other causes.
Out of the 444, a total of 373 Kolbars were either killed or injured due to direct shooting by military forces.
Kolbars are also often victims of Iran’s systematic disregard for due process in judicial proceedings.
Last month, Daniyal Mam Ahmed, a 17-year-old from Marivan, in the Kurdistan province of Iran, received a verdict of two years imprisonment along with 74 lashes by the Iranian judiciary.
Hengaw reported that Mam Ahmed was arrested by Iranian government forces in March, while working as a Kolbar at the "Qalqaleh" border – and remains jailed in Marivan's central prison.
Iran’s Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian refrained from acknowledging that Israel had a part in the Friday attack on a airbase in Iran as Tehran attempts to quell war talk.
“It has not been proven to us that there was a connection between this and Israel,” he said in an interview with NBC News.
Early Friday morning, explosions were heard in Esfahan's 8th Shekari Air Base as Israel reportedly launched a widely anticipated strike in retaliation to an Iranian aerial assault last weekend.
In an attempt to downplay the incident, Amir-Abdollahian said what happened “was not a strike.” According to Iran’s top diplomat, the projectiles used in the incident were “more like toys that our children play with.”
“They took off from inside Isfahan and they flew for a few hundred meters and then they were downed and struck by our air defense,” he went on to say, in what appears to be a veil to avoid retaliation as international powers push for calm.
Meanwhile, New York Times reported that according to the analysis of satellite imagery, the Friday precision strike on Isfahan (Esfahan) damaged or annihilated the “flip-lid” radar, a significant part of the air defense system in Shekari Air Base.
Prior to the incident, four trucks with missiles were positioned around the radar but the satellite images show they were not damaged in the strike. “The fact that they appear undamaged indicated that the attack had a very precise target,” New York Times wrote, citing a former US government imagery analyst.
Israel has not officially commented on the attack.
Tensions between Iran and Israel have risen sharply over recent weeks. On April 1, Israel launched a precision missile strike on Iran's consulate building in Damascus, killing 7 IRGC senior officers, including two senior commanders. In retaliation, Iran launched its first ever direct offensive against Israeli territory last weekend with more than 350 drones and cruise and ballistic missiles. Most were intercepted in a joint operation between Israel and its allies in a US-led coalition.
US and Iraqi companies have signed two deals, seemingly aiming to make the country independent from Iranian gas and electricity imports that provide billions of dollars to Tehran.
The deals are meant to capture Iraqi associated gas from oilfields, currently being flared due to lack of gas collecting equipment.
The US State Department released a joint statement after sealing the deal with Iraq, saying that the US has the potential to harness immense natural gas resources, invest in new energy infrastructure and renewables, and achieve energy self-sufficiency by 2030.
“The United States commended Iraq for its progress on gas capture and work on commercializing associated gasses,” the statement read.
Currently Iraq flares about 18 billion cubic meters (bcm/yr) of associated gas, ranking the second globally after Russia.
This amount of gas waste is two times more than Iraq’s annual gas imports from Iran.
Since the United States imposed banking sanctions on Iran in 2018, Iraq was not able to make cash payments to Iran, leading to the accumulation of around $11 billion in unpaid bills. The Biden administration, however, offered waivers to Iraq starting in June 2023 and the debt was paid in Oman, from where Iran is supposed to spend the money for buying "unsanctionable" goods.
However, critics have slammed the Biden administration for this decision, arguing that money is fungible and any hard currency Iran is able to access means that it can spend other currency resources on its military and other destabilizing activities.
Iraq's electrical grid has for years been dependent on gas imports from Iran to run its power generation plants. Iraq loses 4,000 to 5,000 MW of its electricity generation in some months, especially in winter and summer, due to halting Iranian gas and electricity deliveries to this country. Iran’s gas shortage soars to 250-300 mcm/d in winters and faces a 14,000 MW electricity shortage in summers, forcing it to reduce supplies to Iraq.
The country needs 40,000 MW of electricity, but its current generation capacity stands at 27,000 MW, of which 30% uses Iranian gas.
Iraq has projected to stop gas flaring by 2028 and reach energy self-sufficiency by 2030. It is working to reduce its heavy reliance on Iranian energy supply, which is subject to sanctions, requiring the US to issue waivers every four months.
Though Iraq recently extended a gasimport deal with Iran for next five years, it has been trying to diversify energy import sources, including Turkmen gas import through Iran.
The joint statement says that US commended Iraq for its considerable work on increasing regional connectivity, particularly in energy interconnections with Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: “After years of work to build its interconnection with Jordan, Iraq is receiving 40 megawatts of electricity for the Iraqi people; future phases would increase capacity to 900 megawatts”.
Iraq’s gas and power deals
The agreements, signed in Washington in the presence of Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani and US officials, aims to capture above 3 bcm/yr of associated gas at the Bin Umar oilfield.
The memorandums of understanding signed between US companies including KBR, Baker Hughes and GE.N. as well as local Halfaya Gas Company, with Iraq's South Gas Company to capture flaring gas at Umar oilfield and construct a 400 km pipeline to transit the gas to processing facilities.
Iraq's oil ministry announced last month that it would work with Siemens Energy and SLB, formerly known as Schlumberger, to process associated gas.
Geoffrey Pyatt, assistant secretary for energy resources at the US State Department said the projects would be developed over the next couple of years.
Iraq had several deals with Western companies to capture associated gas, signed in the late 2010s. It could increase gas production by 30% between 2012-2017, but the growth stalled then due to plunging oil prices and government’s revenues.
State-sponsored anti-Israeli rallies took place in multiple cities in Iran after Friday prayers.
Rallies were held in multiple locations in the Tehran province and in Mashhad, North East of Iran, and the North West in Zanjan.
Iranian regime-affiliated media outlets reported on today’s rallies without mentioning Friday's attack on an airbase in central Iran, reportedly launched by Israel. These outlets described the purpose of rallies to be in support of “Vade-ye Sadeq”.
Vade-ye Sadeq (Operation True Promise) is the codename the Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) gave to the Iranian missile and drone attack on Israel on April 14 in response to the alleged Israeli attack on its embassy in Damascus on 1 April.
The rallies being pre-organized state-sponsored events and presented as being in support of Operation True Promise, were part of the Iranian regime’s propaganda to justify its attack on Israel on April 13.
Reports of explosions near both the airport and an army base in Isfahan province, situated in the central region of Iran broke earlier Friday. While US officials have stated that Israel was behind the attack, Iran has continued to downplay the attack.
Furthermore, the only remarks by Iranian officials about the Friday attack did not even mention Israel. Before Friday's prayers sermon, commenting on the attack, Kioumars Heydari, Commander of the Iranian Army's Ground Forces stated: "If suspicious flying objects appear in the country's sky like last night's incident, they will not be spared from being targeted by our defense forces."
Additionally, Friday prayer imams, appointed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, did not mention the Friday Israeli attack in their sermons.
Almost a week after Iran attacked Israel, Iran’s former foreign minister is speaking out about the strikes, suggesting that “inaction” by the UN Security Council forced Tehran to act.
“Israel's recurring acts of aggression against Iran, especially its provocative attack on Iran's diplomatic premises in Syria, went unpunished by the UN Security Council, compelling Iran to take a measured response in self-defense targeting only military facilities and—unlike Israel—intentionally avoiding civilians,” Javad Zarif wrote on X.
“Now, in light of today's reckless fireworks in Esfahan, all countries and leaders should focus on ending Israeli transgressions, particularly its war on Gaza. The US veto of the UNSC resolution on Palestine's UN membership was clearly a step in the wrong direction,” he added.
Iranian authorities and media have reported that Friday’s attack caused no damage.
Israel has not taken responsibility for the incident, but had previously promised to retaliate after a missile and drone attack from Iran on its territory last weekend.
Iran had been on high alert following Israel's announcement that it would retaliate against the attack from Iran, during which over 300 projectiles were launched at Israel—99% of which were intercepted and shot down.
