Iran International
Authorities in Iran are harshly cracking down on ‘bad-hijab women’ and will hold a ‘hijab rally’ on Tuesday, but women activists have their own plans to protest.
President Ebrahim Raisi on Wednesday called lack of compliance with hijab rules “an organized promotion of [moral] corruption in Islamic society” and ordered all government entities to strictly implement a “chastity and hijab” law drawn in 2005 by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution.
Authorities have also launched an extensive campaign this year against women they call ‘bad-hijab’. In addition to crackdowns by the ‘morality police’ on the streets, some officials have ordered extra measures, including to government offices, banks, and public transportation authorities to withhold service to ‘bad-hijab’ women.
In the past few weeks authorities have also shut down some businesses such as cafes and restaurants and detained their female patrons for ‘improper hijab’ and arrested nature tourists for flouting their hijab, dancing, and drinking in the depths of northern forests.
In the jargon of religious and political hardliners women who are unwilling to wear the hijab and display their displeasure by wearing small and colorful headscarves with tight-fitting, short dresses are called ‘bad-hijab’ ones.
Meanwhile, authorities this year named the 12th of July as Hijab and Chastity Day and are planning rallies at stadiums and other places to honor, celebrate, and promote the Islamic notion of the hijab (cover) for women.
But women’s rights activists say forcing women to follow a certain dress code is a violation of their human rights. In response to the government’s plans, they have called on women to action against compulsory hijab on July 12, to drop their headscarves in the streets and other public places. The campaign has been dubbed as the ‘NO2Hijab’ campaign.
Activists are also urging men to support the women’s movement by accompanying their wives and daughters on the street when they protest or by posting videos on social media.
Mehdi Hajati, a political activist, in a tweet Tuesday supported the ‘No2Hijab’ movement. The movement is driven by those who are demeaned by the hijab rules and will succeed if protests continue. “Those [who try to enforce hijab rules] will eventually be exhausted [by our protests],” he wrote. Hajati, a former member of Shiraz City Council was expelled from the council in 2018 and was arrested for speaking out against the arrests of two members of the persecuted Baha’i minority.
The anti-hijab social media campaign has once again been spearheaded by US-based activist Masih Alinejad who has been behind several social media campaigns against compulsory hijab over the past decade.
“Many of us remember this fear when we got arrested for the first time by morality police. No other government in the world— not even North Korea—terrorizes women because their hair is showing. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a gender apartheid state,” Alinejad tweeted Friday with a photo of two women in a ‘morality police’ van crying out in horror.
In 2012 Alinejad launched the “Stealthy Freedoms” campaign, which invited women to share photographs of themselves without the hijab. She continued her campaign with “White Wednesdays” in 2017 which encouraged women to wear white headscarves or take them off in protest at the rules every Wednesday. Both campaigns became quite popular on social media.
The pro-reform Iranian Labor News Agency (ILNA) reporting on the meeting said that the activist was arrested when he was alone at home, so there is no information about where he has been taken.
Tajzadeh's wife, Fakhrossadat Mohtashamipour, said a video released on Twitter that someone from the Prosecutor's Office called her and said that her husband will be “a guest for a few days.” She said in another video that the "government is trying to make up for its inability to run the affairs of the state and wasting of national resources by arresting reformist activists."
Meanwhile, the Reform Front's Spokesman Ali Shakuri Rad wrote in a tweet that Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei probably knew about Tajzadeh's arrest.
Two Iranian filmmakers, Mohammad Rasoulof and Mostafa Alehahmad were also arrested on Friday for encouraging other artists to sign a petition in support of the people of Abadan and other cities during their protests in May. The petition called on security forces to put down their guns and refuse to shoot protesters.
The Iran Human Rights Organization on Saturday condemned the two filmmakers' arrest as "an elaborate violation of human rights in Iran" and a move that signalled the weakness of the Islamic Republic. The organization's chief Mahmoud Amiri Moghaddam described the arrests as "the government's useless attempt to scare the society and to silence rights defenders." Meanwhile, he called on the international community to react to these events.
Several other activists including women's rights advocate Faezeh Hashemi and National Front Leader Kourosh Zaim have also been reportedly indicted or summoned to the courts in Iran during previous days.
Meanwhile, reformist commentator Abbas Abdi wrote in a series of tweets that there could be more than one reason for Mostafa Tajzadeh’s arrest. These reasons, include his willingness to debate with regime change advocates on the social media chat application Club House in recent weeks. Tajzadeh who has become an outspoken critic of Iran’s hardliner rulers, he has nevertheless remained loyal to the ideal of an Islamic Republic.
Abdi summarized the other reasons for Tajzadeh's arrest as related to the shifting political atmosphere in Iran. Many recent developments have put the government on the defensive. The failure of nuclear negotiations with the United States, mysterious incidents showing possible Israeli infiltration in Iran’s security and intelligence networks, resulting in major changes in IRGC intelligence, all coincided to negatively impact the government’s image.
The authorities wanted to send a message to the public that these developments have not weakened it and limitations on freedom of speech and political activity remain in force.
Hours after Tajzadeh's arrest, Alireza Soleimani, the editor of the ultraconservative Raja News website, a mouthpiece of the Paydari Party, wrote in a tweet on July 8 that "Tajzadeh is not the last one to be arrested."
Several Twitter users including Ali Pourkheiri wrote that "Tajzadeh's arrest is a precious gift to the Iranian opposition," reminding of his role in advocating reforms rather than regime change in Iran.
Human rights activist Hassan Younesi addressed Khamenei in a tweet and wrote: "You are making your choice between reforms and regime change."
Thursday’s statement from the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence justified the Royal Navy impounding surface-to-air missiles and other hardware under United Nations Security Council resolution 2140, passed in 2014. This imposed an arms embargo on named leaders of Ansar Allah, or the Houthis, and was in February extended to the Houthis as a whole.
The anti-ISIS coalition, Inherent Resolve, tweeted that the “successful seizure of smuggled Iranian missiles is another example of Iran violating int'l law, supporting terrorism & threatening Int’l peace & security. Together with our allies & partners, we remain committed to deterring their destabilizing activities.”
The British announcement came with Yemen in the fifth month of a fragile ceasefire between the Houthis and Saudi Arabia, just ahead of United States President Joe Biden’s 13-16 July Middle East visit, and with US-Iran nuclear talks paused.
US Republican Senator Jim Risch, ranking member of the Foreign Relation Committee tweeted, “As the Biden Admin tries to rush back into the JCPOA, Iran continues to destabilize the Middle East and flood the region with illicit weapons. US sanctions relief will only serve to increase Iranian terrorism.”
London’s statement on the arms seizures said marines, deployed in inflatable boats from the Royal Navy ship HMS Montrose, had found the weapons in “speedboats being operated by smugglers in international waters south of Iran” on January 28 and February 25, following the scanning of vessels by helicopters.
The weapons were returned to the UK for technical analysis that “revealed that the shipment contained multiple rocket engines for the Iranian produced 351 land attack cruise missile and a batch of 358 surface-to-air missiles.”
The cache was also inspected on June 24, said the British statement, by experts appointed by the UNSC – which might account for the timing of Thursday’s announcement some months after the interception.
‘Loitering’ missiles
This is believed to be the first British interception of relatively sophisticated weapons supplied to the Houthis by Iran. The 358 is a ‘loitering’ missile designed to stay aloft and target airplanes, while the 1000-km-range 351 cruise missile has been fired by the Houthis at targets in Saudi Arabia and was possibly used to attack Abu Dhabi on January 17, killing three civilians. Similar missiles were impounded by the USS Normandy in the Arabian Sea in 2019.
The Iranian foreign ministry in a tweet Thursday disputed the “moral authority” of the British to “make a claim” against Iran, arguing that the UK was “continuously selling advanced weapons to the self-proclaimed military coalition against the defenseless people of Yemen,” making the UK “a partner in the war and aggression against Yemen…and…not in a position to make such baseless accusations...”
The UK has faced criticism over arms sales including strike aircraft to Saudi Arabia, which began its armed intervention in 2015 in support of ousted president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi against Houthi rebels.
Yemen ceasefire
The current four-month ceasefire in Yemen is expected to be high on Biden’s agenda in his looming visit to Saudi Arabia, part of the US president’s Middle East tour July 13-16. There have been reports that the Yemen ceasefire was negotiated by the Saudis in Beirut with Hezbollah, the Lebanese party allied to Iran, acting on behalf of the Houthis.
Sea lanes around Yemen are increasingly contentious. Israeli Defense Minister Benny Gantz claimed Tuesday that Iran was expanding its naval presence in the Red Sea.
The HMS Montrose, a type 23 frigate, operates as part of the 38-nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which counters illicit non-state operations including drug seizure. In January HMS Montrose seized one shipment of 663kg of heroin, 291kg of hashish and 87kg of methamphetamine in the Gulf of Oman.