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Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said Iran’s enemies were seeking to sow chaos and disorder in the country after the 12-day war, according to state media on Sunday.
He said his government was determined to resolve people’s economic problems and that the establishment was ready to listen to its people.
Pezeshkian also accused “terrorists” linked to foreign powers of killing innocent people, burning mosques and attacking public property.
As protests continue across Iran under a near-total internet shutdown, a viral clip showing a cleric calling for the Islamic Republic’s overthrow has fueled debate over the role of the clergy and broader shifts in public attitudes.
The widely circulated video appears to show an elderly cleric who identifies himself as Ali Kashani. Responding to a question from a woman filming him on a busy street that appears to be in Tehran, he says he opposes what he calls a “criminal and murderer” government as shoppers and passersby move through the scene.
In the footage, he denounces Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic Republic, and what he describes as “his sedition,” saying it has harmed the people, the country and religion, and calls on people to rise up against it. A woman off camera is heard chanting “Death to Khamenei” and insulting Khomeini, while the cleric signals approval.
A notable feature of the current wave of protests has been the visible turnout in Mashhad, Iran’s second-largest city, and Qom, a center of Shi’ite seminaries. Both cities have long been seen as bastions of hardline clerics who wield influence over local governance, including the appointment and removal of officials.
During recent demonstrations, protesters in several cities chanted slogans such as “Clerics must go and get lost” and “Until clerics are in shrouds, the homeland will not be free.”
In several cities, protesters have used anti-clerical slogans, and some have targeted religious sites, with reports that a seminary in Mashhad and a mosque at Kaj Square in Tehran were set on fire.
During the earlier “Woman, Life, Freedom” protests, videos of people knocking off clerics’ turbans also spread widely, becoming a symbol of opposition to the religious establishment.
Secularization of Iranian society
The Iranian government has long sought to present public religious rituals – such as Ashura commemorations, which many Iranians continue to observe annually – as evidence of popular support for the Islamic Republic. However, many analysts argue that Iranian society has moved closer to secularism in recent years than at any time since the 1979 revolution.
Even among those who maintain religious beliefs, hostility toward religious governance has grown. For most Iranians, religion is increasingly seen as a personal matter rather than a political system.
In February 2024, the results of a confidential research report commissioned by state institutions were leaked. The study was based on face-to-face interviews with more than 15,000 randomly selected individuals aged over 15 across Iran. According to the findings, over 70% of respondents supported the separation of religion and politics, while only slightly more than 20% opposed it.
The same survey found that 85% of respondents believed religious observance among the population had declined compared with five years earlier, and more than 80% expected society to become even less religious over the following five years.
Online reactions
Within a short time of being posted, the video was viewed hundreds of thousands of times and drew strong reactions before internet access was fully shut down.
Many users accused the cleric of opportunism, arguing he had shifted his position because he believed the Islamic Republic’s collapse was imminent.
One user wrote: “Why the rush now? He could have waited another 46 years to testify to these Islamic crimes and plunder.” Another wrote: “A good cleric is a dead cleric… die and make a nation happy.”
Another commenter wrote: “Don’t be fooled by clerics. Anyone who still gets excited by these words after 47 years of humiliation under clerical rule is nothing but a traitorous fool.
A good cleric is a dead cleric.” Another wrote: “If there were any honorable clerics, they would have abandoned this robe and turban – symbols of oppression – long ago.”
A few users sought to distinguish between ideology and appearance. One wrote: “When I say ‘death to clerics,’ I mean death to that outdated political and ideological system – not the person’s clothing.” Some users, however, expressed cautious agreement with the cleric’s remarks. One wrote: “I don’t care about his clothes or his profession, but he’s telling the truth. No one has harmed religion the way they have.”
A pro-government user reacted angrily, writing: “This cleric is an infidel who thinks religion is nothing but myths and stories. Imam Khomeini and Imam Khamenei are no less than prophets and divinely appointed imams, like Imam Ali and Imam Hussein.”
French Member of the European Parliament Raphael Glucksmann said Iran’s ruling system is now in “open war” against its own people, calling on European leaders to take concrete action as protests continue across the country.
In a statement, Glucksmann said Iranian authorities “kill, plunge the country into darkness, cut off communications, and kill again,” adding that violence has become their only way to cling to power. He said "the regime’s naked truth is death," describing it as an aging ideological system “ending in life’s destruction.”
Glucksmann said Europe has an ethical and strategic duty to stand alongside Iranians in what he called their revolution. He criticized the European Union for failing to designate Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization, despite years of demands in the European Parliament.
“Press releases are not enough,” he said, urging EU leaders to act immediately. Glucksmann said the Guards “are terrorists in Iran, across the region and even on our own soil,” calling for their financing, networks, leadership, and structure to be exposed and tracked.
He added that while security forces continue to kill unarmed women and men, they will not extinguish “the flame that is setting Iran alight.”
The United States is expected to target Iran in the coming weeks, as Washington steps up military deployments to the Middle East, sources familiar with the matter told Iran International on Sunday.
The sources said large amounts of military equipment were transferred to the region over the past week and that the movement of assets is expected to continue in the coming days.
They added that Israel would take part only after US action, and only if the Islamic Republic attacks Israel or shows clear signs it intends to do so.
British Sunday newspapers led with Iran’s protests, focusing on reports of heavy casualties during the crackdown and the impact of the nationwide internet blackout.
The Sunday Times front page referred to an Iran death toll “in the hundreds,” while The Sunday Telegraph focused on President Donald Trump vowing to help Iranian protesters as his administration discussed military strike options.
