Protesters chant slogans against Khamenei in nighttime gatherings

The Majlis’ joint budget committee voted 32–9 against the bill’s general outlines on Monday, citing concerns that the proposal would fuel inflation, further erode household purchasing power and rely on revenue assumptions lawmakers fear will not be met.

The committee said its report rejecting the bill will now be sent to parliament’s leadership for debate in an open session, where lawmakers will decide whether to return the budget to the government for revision.

The budget had been formally submitted to parliament last week, as Iran grapples with mounting fiscal pressures, a sliding rial and rising public discontent over living costs.

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  Iran president says budget cannot match wages to inflation

Iran’s president has appointed former economy minister Abdolnaser Hemmati as the new head of the central bank, state-linked media reported on Monday, confirming a leadership change amid turmoil in currency markets and mounting economic pressure.

Mehdi Tabatabaei, deputy head of communications at the president’s office, said on X that President Masoud Pezeshkian had decided to name Hemmati as central bank governor.

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Mehdi Tabatabaei, deputy head of communications at the president’s office, said on X that President Masoud Pezeshkian had decided to name Hemmati as central bank governor.

The move follows days of conflicting reports over the fate of Mohammad Reza Farzin, who had faced intensifying criticism as the rial slid to record lows and inflation accelerated.

Earlier on Monday, Iran’s judiciary denied reports that senior political leaders had agreed to retain Farzin, saying no such decision had been taken and that the matter fell solely within the president’s authority.

Later, the president’s office confirmed that Farzin had submitted his resignation earlier in December.

Hemmati, a former governor of the central bank and ex-economy minister, returns to the post as Iran grapples with severe currency instability.

On Monday, the dollar was trading at around 1.41 million rials on the open market, while gold prices also hit record highs, triggering protests and strikes by shopkeepers in parts of Tehran.

Iranian security forces on motorcycles moved against protesting shopkeepers on Tehran’s Jomhouri Street on Monday, footage received by Iran International showed.

In the video, one protester sat down in the middle of the road and did not flee as the motorbike units advanced, in an apparent act of defiance.

Iran’s interior ministry on Monday blamed recent currency volatility on what it described as hostile psychological operations, as pressure on the rial intensifies amid public discontent.

Ali-Akbar Pourjamshidian, the security and law enforcement deputy to the interior minister, said fluctuations in foreign exchange markets were driven not by fundamentals but by “enemy inducements” and a manufactured psychological climate, urging the public not to be swayed by what he called external propaganda.

Pourjamshidian’s comments reflect a broader narrative within the government that links economic instability to national security, at a time when authorities face mounting pressure to stabilize markets and address rising living costs without signaling vulnerability.