Former Israeli prime minister encourages people in Iran to 'rise up'

What began as anger over the surging price of the US dollar and the collapse of the rial has widened into a broader wave of unrest, moving beyond market corridors and into streets, squares and university campuses across multiple provinces.

In Tehran, major sections of the bazaar were shuttered, including major commercial centers in the Grand Bazaar as well as the Alaeddin mall.

Crowds poured into streets in several parts of central Tehran, where security forces deployed tear gas and clashes were reported.

One widely shared video shows a protester sitting on the ground in front of security forces. Many viewers compared the scene to the “Tank Man” moment during China’s 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, a symbol of solitary defiance in the face of state power. The protester was quickly beaten and removed.

The unrest deepened outside the capital. Protests and nighttime rallies were reported from Qeshm Island in the south to Zanjan and Hamadan in the north, and from Malard and Pardis near Tehran to Kerman in the southeast.

In Hamadan, security forces reportedly shot directly at demonstrators, and in Malard, tear gas was fired at protesters.

While the slogans were mainly focused on economic issues on the first day, the second day's chants underscored a transition from economic frustration to more explicit political dissent.

Chants in several cities targeted Iran's political authority, with crowds shouting slogans such as 'death to the dictator" and "Seyyed Ali (Khamenei) will be toppled this year".

Pro-monarchy slogans like "This is the final battle, Pahlavi will return," and "Reza Shah may God bless your soul" were also heard in various parts of Tehran and other cities during Monday protests, videos obtained by Iran International show.

Exiled Prince Reza Pahlavi in a message on Instagram called on Iranian people to join protesters in the streets and put an end to the rule of Tehran's theocracy which toppled his father's monarchy in 1979.

Root causes of protests

At the core of the crisis is the dollar’s surge to roughly 144,000 tomans over the weekend before easing slightly to 136,000 tomans on Monday.

Shopkeepers say the volatility has made it impossible to price goods, secure supply or plan for basic business survival.

Amid the turmoil, the governor of Iran’s central bank resigned and President Masoud Pezeshkian appointed Abdolnaser Hemmati as the new chief in an effort widely seen as aimed at calming markets and protests.

However, there was no immediate sign the move influenced protesters, and momentum continued to build.

Tehran shopkeepers have vowed to extend their strikes into Tuesday, marking a third consecutive day of action.

Students at Shahid Beheshti University and Amirkabir University, prestigious academic centers in Tehran, also announced plans for a protest gathering Tuesday morning.

With protests spreading nationwide, turning more confrontational and carrying into the night, the coming days will test whether this wave remains anchored in economic collapse or develops into a broader challenge to authority.

Iranian exiled prince, Reza Pahlavi, in a message on Instagram on Monday called on Iranian people to join protesters in the streets and put an end to the rule of Tehran's theocracy which toppled his father's monarchy in 1979.

“Greetings to my compatriots in the bazaar and to those who have taken the streets of Tehran into your own hands. As long as this regime is in power, the country’s economic situation will only worsen. The time has come, now more than ever, to keep up your solidarity,” Pahlavi said.

“I ask all sectors of society to join their compatriots who have taken to the streets and to call for an end to this regime. In particular, I have a message for the security and police forces: Take your destiny into your own hands. This regime is collapsing. Don’t stand against the people, join the people,” he added.

“Victory is ours because our cause is just and because we are united.”

Speaking to reporters alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Florida, Trump said the United States will deal a heavy blow on Iran if it tries to recover from the US and Israeli strikes in June.

"I'm hearing that Iran is trying to recover—if that happens, we'll have to hit them hard," Trump added.

"If they will continue with the missiles, yes. The nuclear, fast. Okay? One will be yes, absolutely. The other was, we'll do it immediately," Trump said when asked if he would support Israel's strikes on Iran in case it further develops its ballistic missile and nuclear programs.

The United States held five rounds of negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program earlier this year, for which Trump set a 60-day deadline.

When no agreement was reached by the 61st day on June 13, Israel launched a surprise military offensive followed by US strikes on June 22 targeting key nuclear facilities in Isfahan, Natanz and Fordow.

The attacks killed nuclear scientists along with hundreds of military personnel and civilians. Iranian counterattacks killed 32 Israeli civilians and an off-duty soldier.

Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons and says its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has said dealing with Trump is beneath the dignity of the Islamic Republic, while Iranian officials have rejected US demands to end uranium enrichment and curb missile capabilities.

Meanwhile, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi spoke with Oman’s Foreign Minister on Monday over the phone. Oman has previously mediated negotiations between Tehran and Washington.

Trump blames Obama for nuclear Iran

Ahead of his meeting with Netanyahu, Trump shared a post on his Truth Social account of an old share on X that the Obama and Biden administrations gave money to Iran to fund its nuclear program.

The message originated on X from an account using the pen name Chris Bjornberg and was part of a promotion for his 2023 book “The Night Rider and the Warrior Queen.”

“One of Obama’s most treasonous policies was to fund Iran’s nuclear program,” the post shared by Trump said, alongside an image of a nuclear explosion over New York City and further criticism of Democratic administrations’ Iran policy.

“Biden and Obama gave Iran over $220 billion to research and build nukes. Iran nearly had 6 nuclear bombs and Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM’s) that would have destroyed Israel and 5 cities in the US," the post said.

The Obama administration negotiated the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran, officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which restricted Tehran’s nuclear activities in return for sanctions relief, before Trump withdrew the United States from the agreement in 2018.

Iran has since expanded its nuclear program beyond JCPOA limits, and the deal has effectively stalled.

University of Tehran students chanted “Woman, Life, Freedom” and “Students would rather die than accept humiliation” at their dormitory on Monday night.

The Amirkabir University Newsletter earlier reported that students at several universities had called for protests on Tuesday morning.

“Tomorrow, we will come down on them like a crushing wave,” a statement by Amirkabir University students said.

Several protest rallies were held in various parts of Iran, from Qeshm in the south, to Zanjan and Hamadan in the north, on Monday night.

"Death to the dictator" was heard on Qeshm Island. Zanjan protesters also chanted "Seyyed Ali (Khamenei) will be toppled this year".

In Hamadan, protesters chanted "This is the final battle, Pahlavi will return," referring to Iranian exiled prince, Reza Pahlavi, whose father's monarchy was toppled by the Islamic Republic in 1979.