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INSIGHT

Who speaks for Iran? US bombs deepen factional divide

Maryam Sinaiee
Maryam Sinaiee

Iran International

Jun 23, 2025, 04:57 GMT+1Updated: 07:59 GMT+0

Iran’s political factions are in open conflict after the US strike on the Fordo nuclear site—hardliners are demanding military retaliation, while moderates and reformists warn of catastrophic consequences.

State television, dominated by ultra-hardliners, signaled escalation just hours after the attack.

“The Islamic Republic is no longer bound by red lines and considers all US military bases in the region legitimate targets,” ane anchor declared,

On platforms aligned with the regime, the rhetoric was even more aggressive.

“It is now our turn to act without delay,” wrote Hossein Shariatmadari, supreme leader Ali Khamenei’s representative at Kayhan newspaper.

“As a first step, we must launch a missile strike on the US naval fleet in Bahrain and simultaneously close the Strait of Hormuz to American, British, German, and French ships.”

'Beware the consequences'

But many moderate voices warned that such a drastic move would only place Iran in a more perilous position.

“Closing the Strait of Hormuz would drag neighboring countries—and even players like China and India—into direct confrontation with Iran,” journalist Ehsan Bodaghi posted on X. “Does our country have the capacity to endure that scale of conflict and hostility?”

Perhaps the most prominent figure to urge calm and foresight was former president Mohammad Khatami.

“All decisions, positions, and diplomatic or defensive actions must be taken with wisdom and long-term thinking, free from emotional reactions or a pure desire for revenge,” he was quoted as saying by reformist outlet Jamaran.

Economist and former official Reza Kashef echoed the call with a Gandhi quote: “True power lies in self-restraint and patience, not in hasty reactions.”

Ordinary Iranians silenced

A nationwide internet shutdown has sharply reduced the volume of public online discussion.

While insiders—hardliners, in particular—often retain privileged access, ordinary Iranians—and even moderate insiders—have been effectively silenced. The imbalance has further amplified hardline voices in the post-Fordo narrative.

“The main issue is that the US has officially entered a war with Iran, and Iran's deterrence will be lost if it does not respond strongly,” ultra-hardline MP Amir-Hossein Sabeti posted on X.

Abdollah Ganji, former editor of IRGC-linked daily Javan, was more specific—and dramatic.

Tehran’s actions should be withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, expelling UN inspectors and the silence. “This silence,” he posted on X, “will become the sound of a very powerful bomb explosion, and they will come to you with concessions.”

Activist Hatef Salehi posted a map of US bases in neighboring countries with the caption: “Which one should we strike first?”

Another reason such voices appear to have dominated in the past day or two is the risk built into advocating restraint.

Publicly questioning the wisdom of retaliation can be construed as contradicting Khamenei’s stance—and in the current wartime atmosphere, that carries serious consequences.

Still, some tried to tread the minefield.

“Most patriots don’t want to dampen the nation’s spirit during times of aggression,” prominent tech leader Nima Namdari posted on X. “But the realities of war … and our understanding of those in power make it impossible not to worry about the decision-making process.”

“So what’s the solution, really,” he asked, “should we just remain silent?”

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Iran holds off hitting US as Trump hints at regime change

Jun 23, 2025, 02:21 GMT+1

Iran into Monday had so far held off retaliating against the United States for its surprise attack by submarine missiles and heavy bombers the previous day, as Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei saved his threats for Israel.

"The punishment continues," a post on the 86-year old leader's X account wrote.

"The Zionist enemy has made a grave mistake, committed a major crime; it must be punished—and it is being punished. It is being punished right now. #AllahuAkbar".

No mention was made of the United States in his remarks, the first since US President Donald Trump proudly declared his forces had bombed three nuclear sites.

His post came as Israeli military authorities said only a single missile was fired at it by Iran in an attack overnight, in a possible sign of depleted power.

The day after the attack, the hawkish president upped the ante yet again, suggesting regime change would be welcome if Tehran could not "Make Iran Great Again".

"It’s not politically correct to use the term, 'Regime Change,' but if the current Iranian Regime is unable to MAKE IRAN GREAT AGAIN, why wouldn’t there be a Regime change??? MIGA!!!" Trump wrote.

Protests

People attend a protest against the U.S attack on nuclear sites, amid the Iran-Israel conflict, in Tehran, Iran, June 22, 2025.
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People attend a protest against the U.S attack on nuclear sites, amid the Iran-Israel conflict, in Tehran, Iran, June 22, 2025.

Protests were held on Sunday in far-flung cities against the US attack on Iran's nuclear sites, including in Los Angeles, Karachi and outside a NATO meeting at The Hague.

Russia's United Nations ambassador Vassily Nebenzia hit out a what he called a rerun of the US Iraq War, based on weapons of mass destruction which were never found.

"Again we're being asked to believe the US's fairy tales, to once again inflict suffering on millions of people living in the Middle East," Nebenzia said.

US President Donald signaled he would accept little opposition as he tore into a lawmaker critic from his own Republican party on social media.

Kentucky congressman Thomas Massie had called out Trump, saying on X:"This is not America First folks.

What war wrought

Israel's attacks on Iran have so far killed 950 people and injured 3,450, human rights group HRANA reported on Sunday.

Meanwhile no clear picture had yet emerged on the impact of US attacks and whether it achieved its goal of ending Iran's nuclear ambitions.

The UN nuclear watchdog said Sunday that entrances to underground tunnels at Iran’s Isfahan nuclear complex were damaged in the strikes.

“We have established that entrances to underground tunnels at the site were impacted,” the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said in a statement.

The IAEA chief Rafael Grossi told CNN it was too early to assess the underground damage to Iran's Fordow site.

Iranian defiance

A graphic shows the timeline of "Operation Midnight Hammer", a U.S. strike on Iran's nuclear facilities, released by the U.S. Defense Department in Washington, D.C., U.S. June 22, 2025.
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A graphic shows the timeline of "Operation Midnight Hammer", a U.S. strike on Iran's nuclear facilities, released by the U.S. Defense Department in Washington, D.C., U.S. June 22, 2025.

Iran's foreign minister arrived in Moscow for talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin after appearing to vow Iranian retaliation in Turkey.

"The US crossed a very big red line by attacking Iran’s nuclear facilities," Abbas Araghchi said. Speaking in Istanbul, Araghchi said the US bore full responsibility.

“The attack on peaceful nuclear installations marks a dangerous precedent and will not go unanswered."

Relative moderate President Masoud Pezeshkian also promised a rejoinder.

“The US has attacked us. What would you do if you were in our position? Naturally, they must receive a response to their aggression,” Pezeshkian said.

Veteran security insider Ali Shamkhani said the strikes would not sink Iran's nuclear enterprise.

“Even if nuclear sites are destroyed, the game isn’t over... enriched materials, indigenous knowledge, and political will remain,” Shamkhani said on X.

“The initiative is now with the side that plays smart, avoids blind strikes. Surprises will continue!”

Russia, China sharply criticize US attack on Iran

Jun 23, 2025, 00:01 GMT+1

United Nations envoys from Russia and China on Sunday expressed strong objections to the US attacks on Iranian nuclear sites, deepening the superpowers' rift with Washington as their mutual friend Iran is bombed.

"Peace in the Middle East cannot be achieved by the use of force," China's United Nations Ambassador Fu Cong said.

"Diplomatic means to address the Iranian nuclear issue haven't been exhausted, and there's still hope for a peaceful solution."

China helped mediate a regional spat between Iran and Saudi Arabia and has signed vast but mostly unrealized economic deals with Tehran.

Iran supplies Russia with drones fired into Ukraine, and the two Western pariah states have drawn closer.

Russia's UN ambassador Vassily Nebenzia hit out a what he called the rerun of the US Iraq War, based on weapons of mass destruction which were never found.

"Again we're being asked to believe the US's fairy tales, to once again inflict suffering on millions of people living in the Middle East," Nebenzia said.

"This cements our conviction that history has taught our US colleagues nothing.

Trump hits out at critics of Iran attacks

Jun 22, 2025, 22:54 GMT+1

US President Donald Trump appeared to welcome the idea of Iran regime change and signaled he would accept little opposition as he tore into a lawmaker critic from his own Republican party on social media.

Kentucky congressman Thomas Massie called out Trump on the President's sharp post welcoming Iran regime change if Tehran doesn't "Make Iran Great Again".

"This is not America First folks," Massie wrote.

"He’s a simple minded “grandstander” who thinks it’s good politics for Iran to have the highest level Nuclear weapon, while at the same time yelling “DEATH TO AMERICA” at every chance they get," Trump blared back.

Massie, who describes his district as "Appalachiastan," said the congress should have agreed to a decision to lead the United States closer to a war with Iran.

"When two countries are bombing each other daily in a hot war, and a third country joins the bombing, that’s an act of war," Massie wrote on X after Trump announced that US forces had attacked Iranian nuclear sites.

"I’m amazed at the mental gymnastics being undertaken by neocons in DC (and their social media bots) to say we aren’t at war… so they can make war," Massie said.

Trump is facing the biggest rift yet with parts of his support base who strongly object to foreign military enterprises after failures in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Veteran commentators and influencers of Trump's Make American Again movement - Tucker Carlson and Steve Bannon - have come out strongly against war.

The President's rebuke of Massie showed the administration was trying to quickly quell any dissent in the Republican party, which Trump has firmly controlled.

"Iran has killed and maimed thousands of Americans, and even took over the American Embassy in Tehran under the Carter Administration," Trump said.

"We had a spectacular military success yesterday, taking the “bomb” right out of their hands (and they would use it if they could!) but, as usual, and despite all of the praise and accolades received, this “lightweight” Congressman is against what was so brilliantly achieved last night in Iran."

Most Republicans politicians have strongly praised Trump's decision to attack.

Regime change in Iran will pave the way for Mideast peace, exiled prince says

Jun 22, 2025, 22:30 GMT+1

Exiled crown prince Reza Pahlavi says Iran is closer than ever to a regime change, a shift he believes the world must support as it will transform not only the country, but also help bring peace and stability to the broader Middle East.

“The regime is collapsing. This is the weakest it has ever been since coming to power,” Reza Pahlavi told Iran International. “Even their own insiders, from the military and intelligence sectors, are telling us it’s falling apart.”

Pahlavi emphasized that this moment could become “a historic opportunity” for Iranians. “The people who have suffered under the bombs and the regime’s neglect still hope this pain will lead to the birth of a free and desirable government that they deserve.”

The exiled crown prince made the remarks in an interview with Iran International’s Morad Vaisi, amid an Israeli military campaign against the Islamic Republic and a day after US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities.

No need for foreign boots or money

Pahlavi rejected any suggestion that foreign powers should shape Iran’s future. “We don’t want your boots or your money. What we need is recognition that the solution is the Iranian people—not negotiations with the regime.”

"The world will see that it’s in their own interest to get behind this cause—so that Iran becomes the country that brings stability, order, peace, and security to the region."

The exiled prince expressed sorrow over damage caused to national infrastructure, including air bases and the American F-14s and F-5s bought during his father's rule before 1979, but laid the blame squarely on the Islamic Republic.

“This war is not the people’s war. It’s Khamenei’s war. And the price is being paid by the Iranian people,” he said.

He called on military and security personnel to defect. “The sooner they break away from this regime, the faster we can stop this destruction,” he said.

“These bases and infrastructures can be rebuilt—for the people, not for a regime that used them to fund its nuclear and proxy wars.”

Internet blackout

It has been four days that the Iranian people have lost their access to the internet, and the country has remained largely offline, according to the internet observatory NetBlocks.

Pahlavi said that the Islamic Republic has shut down the people's access to the internet because it fears its own citizens more than foreign attack.

"After 72 hours, diminished telecoms continue to impact the public's ability to stay informed and in touch with loved ones," Netblocks said.

The exiled prince said the internet blackout "is a sign of panic—not strength.”

“When the Supreme Leader hides like a rat in a hole and his family prepares to flee the country, it’s clear they know the end is near."

No civil war, no summary executions

Responding to concerns about post-collapse chaos, Pahlavi said, “We are not Iraq or Afghanistan. We are a nation with millennia of unity. If there’s rule of law and justice, there will be no anarchy.”

On the day after the Islamic Republic falls, he promised a lawful transition. “Unlike 1979, there will be no summary executions. Transitional justice experts are working to ensure fair trials. Everyone will have the right to defend themselves.”

He made clear that soldiers who join the people now will be part of rebuilding the country. “We will not repeat 1979. This time, we’re building a democratic system, one that guarantees equal rights for all Iranians—regardless of religion, ethnicity, or belief.”

Trump's attack on Iran draws Republican cheers, Democratic ire

Jun 22, 2025, 02:18 GMT+1

US lawmakers almost instantly reacted on social media to the US President's shock announcement he had ordered an attack on Iran, with Republican hawks celebrating the move and the other side of the aisle voicing sharp disapproval.

"Good. This was the right call," US Senator Lindsey Graham said.

"The regime deserves it. Well done, President @realDonaldTrump. To my fellow citizens: We have the best Air Force in the world."

Republicans have generally urged a hard line on Iran. Most consistently back Israeli military operations in the region and have been vocal critics of Tehran's policies.

Texas congressman Dan Crenshaw urged people to back Trump: Support President Trump. You think these decisions were easy? They weren’t. You think this means WW3? You’re wrong. You think it means American soldiers deploying to Iran? You’re wrong."

"You think it means long term stability in the Middle East and a safer future for Americans? You’re right. Because the regime that wanted ‘Death to the Great Satan’ is at its end."

Democrats have been reticent about Trump's two-month-old diplomatic effort with Iran, quietly backing its goal to deprive Iran of a nuclear weapon capability.

But criticism of a potential attack by Democrats had ramped up in recent days and early condemnation by party members was sharp.

"Trump is acting fully outside of his authority and is once again trampling on the Constitution. This is an illegal and terrifying escalation," Representative Summer Lee said.

"Dropping bombs on Iran brings us closer to war, not peace, and he is putting millions of lives at stake. Congress must immediately pass our War Powers Resolution to rein him in."

"This is insane," Massachusetts Democratic representative Jim McGovern spluttered.

"Trump just bombed Iran without Congressional approval, illegally dragging us into war in the Middle East. Have we not learned our lesson!?!?"

A rare maverick on the Democratic side is Pennsylvania Democratic Senator John Fetterman, among the chamber's biggest backers of Israel.

"As I’ve long maintained, this was the correct move by @POTUS. Iran is the world’s leading sponsor of terrorism and cannot have nuclear capabilities," he said.

"I’m grateful for and salute the finest military in the world."