Insider Politician Lays Out Criteria for Next Iranian President

Haghanian, known for his elusive background and secretive role within the inner circles of the Iranian regime, has historically been a key player in facilitating the Supreme Leader's directives across Iran's military, cultural, economic, and political spheres.

After formally registering his candidacy Haghanian, told reporters that "Based on a personal decision, I have made up my mind to register as a candidate for the presidential election." 

He expressed his intent to transition from "the deepest layer of the system's brain to the first and most visible layer," moving from behind-the-scenes influencer to front-line electoral politics and public engagement.

During his address, he discussed his experience within the government, emphasizing his commitment to understanding and addressing people's issues. 

"Over these 45 years, due to my duties, by traveling to all provinces, preparing ongoing reports, and presenting them for decision-making, being directly involved in the [Iran-Iraq] war and other areas, I have been able to establish sufficient connections with all segments of society," he explained. 

“I have never been and will never be a member or adherent to the principles of any factions, but I have and will continue to cooperate and engage with all of them."

Haghanian's is speech was interrupted several times due to unexpected power cuts. He responded to the embarrassing situation by saying, "I hope it wasn't intentional." 

Despite his efforts to maintain a low profile, Haghanian came under international scrutiny in 2019 when he, along with eight other officials from the Supreme Leader's office, was sanctioned by the US Treasury.

Described as "the Supreme Leader’s right hand" and a former military commander, his close association with Khamenei during public engagements further cemented his status.

However, recent years have seen a noticeable reduction in Haghanian's public appearances alongside Supreme Leader Khamenei, sparking speculation about his current standing within the system.

Media in Tehran characterize his role in different ways, including giving him the title of "deputy for special projects," but there is no official indication of his current position. Many figures close to Khamenei are expected to enter the race, including current acting president Mohammad Mokhber. So far, Saeed Jalili, a staunch hardliner and Khamenei loyalist, has registered as a candidate. Former Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, who is considered a political heavyweight among former officials and long-time Khamenei loyalist has also announced his candidacy, although he has been pushed aside from the center of power since 2020.

Meanwhile, Alireza Zakani, the hardliner Mayor of Tehran, officially entered the race for Iran's presidential election on Saturday. With his conservative views, Zakani reenters the political scene after stepping aside in 2021 to endorse Ebrahim Raisi.

Masoud Pezeshkian, a known reformist lawmaker and former First Deputy Speaker of the Iranian Parliament also registered. Pezeshkian, brings a limited measure of diversity to the race, emphasizing reforms and openness. His previous tenure as Minister of Health under President Mohammad Khatami highlights his reformist closer ties to the 'reformists.'.

In a related development, conservative politician Parviz Fattah has confirmed he will not be entering the race. Fattah, a former IRGC officer known for his leadership of the economic conglomerate Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order, was widely expected to declare his candidacy for the June 28 snap elections. His withdrawal has left room for new conservative figures to emerge, potentially altering the dynamics of the electoral contest.

The event, organized by the Jewish communities of Los Angeles and the Persian American Civic Action Network, PACAN, was held at the Nixon Library, highlighting the historical significance and achievements of the air force established back in 1925.

Initially, Iran's efforts to acquire aircraft from the United States in the 1920s were unsuccessful due to Washington's refusal based on a World War I treaty. Consequently, the IIAF's early fleet was composed entirely of European aircraft, predominantly from British and German manufacturers. Following World War II, the IIAF began a gradual process of rebuilding its aircraft fleet, primarily sourcing its equipment from the United States and Great Britain.

By mid-1970s, Iran's air force had turned into one of the most modern and well-equipped air forces in the world, featuring advanced American warplanes, such as the F-14.

During the ceremony, Prince Reza Pahlavi paid tribute to the former officers of the Iranian Air Force, acknowledging their role in maintaining Iran's sovereignty during the Cold War. He praised the air force as one of the most advanced and proficiently trained in the world during its time, equipped with an array of fighter jets.

Pahlavi remarked on the air force's dual role in defense and diplomacy, stating, "At the height of the Cold War, this force not only protected the skies and land of Iran from any foreign aggression through deterrence but also played a role in creating peace and stability in some regional and international conflicts."

The centenary event served as a contrast to current practices in Iran, underlining the historical significance of a once-internationally respected military force. The gathering reflected a longing for the values and visions of an era before the Islamic Republic.

The incident took place Friday evening, though the reasons behind the shooting remain unclear.

While the identities of the victims have not been released, the security-affiliated Tasnim news agency provided a conflicting account. It cited Doustali Jalilian, the police commander of Sistan-Baluchestan, who claimed the individuals were armed and had attacked a police patrol unit while shouting religious slogans.

However, Haalvash that covers developments in the province contested the claim, releasing two videos showing the two men walking peacefully on a sidewalk before being abruptly fired upon from multiple directions, leading to their immediate deaths.

Following the incident, security forces sealed off the scene and removed the bodies, raising concerns about the transparency of the operation. This episode is not an isolated occurrence in the region. Baluch activists report that such incidents of unprovoked shooting by police are common.

A similar case occurred on May 13 in downtown Saravan, where military and security personnel shot at a family car from several angles without warning, killing a 14-year-old and severely injuring other family members. The local police commander later branded the victims as criminals with a violent history, a claim often disputed by local communities and activists.

The human rights organization HRANA noted that in 2023, Iran saw 402 victims of shootings by security forces, resulting in 120 deaths. The Baluch minority, residing in one of the poorest regions of Iran, has long faced severe persecution, including executions and allegations of unfair trials, particularly concerning drug-related charges.

Targeting Oppressive Officers to Mitigate Abuse in the Judiciary Act would impose sanctions “on the judges, prosecutors and investigators of the Islamic Republic’s Islamic Revolutionary Courts, which are involved in sham trials, torture, and inhumane treatment and sentencing of Iranian protesters and political dissidents.”

The bill is also known as the TOOMAJ Act, aptly corresponding with the first name of a dissident rapper, Toomaj Salehi, who has been incarcerated in Iran and sentenced to death. The young artist, known to millions of Iranians as Toomaj, published protest songs on social media during anti-government protests in 2022, known as the Woman, Life, Freedom movement.

Toomaj has become a symbol of arbitrary arrests, death sentences and hangings of dissidents in Iran. Trials are usually held behind closed doors, without an adequate defense team and due process. Charges are vague statements based on arbitrary concepts of Iran’s Islamic laws, such as dishonoring sanctities, or insulting the Supreme Leader. A protester demanding freedom for women or prisoners can be charged with endangering national security.

“Toomaj Salehi has used his platform to give a voice to the voiceless and bravely speak out against the Iran regime’s torture, abuse, and crackdown against the free will of the Iranian people," Rep. Young Kim, R-Calif., one of the bill's lead sponsors, said in a statement to The Associated Press. “Unfortunately, he is just the latest victim of the regime’s cruelty.”

She added that the bill will allow the US “to stand side by side with Toomaj and other peaceful protesters demanding basic human rights and take targeted action against the Iran regime.”

TOOMAJ Act was introduced by Representatives Young Kim (R-CA), Adam Schiff (D-CA), Mike Lawler (R-NY), and David Trone (D-MD), marks a vital progression in the fight against human rights abuses in Iran. An Iranian American advocacy group in Washington said that the bill will also penalize “hostage taking of Americans and legal residents, a nefarious tool long used by the Islamic Republic.”

US lawmakers have introduced an array of bills since September 2022, when Mahsa Amini was arrested for improper hijab in Tehran and received fatal head injuries in police custody. Her death three days later sparked the largest anti-government protests in 45 years in Iran.

The most famous bill targeting human rights abuses in Iran was the MAHSA Act that passed the US Congress in April. The Mahsa Amini Human Rights and Security Accountability Act, or simply the MAHSA Act, will see the imposition of sanctions on Iran’s supreme leader’s office, its appointees and anyone affiliated with the office and its work. However, it is not clear to what extent the Biden administration will pursue the bill’s implementation.

First reported by the France-based media outlet Africa Intelligence in late April, it was revealed that Niger's military junta had engaged in "secret negotiations" with Iran for the delivery of 300 tons of yellowcake in exchange for drones and surface-to-air missiles.

Yellowcake is a concentrated form of uranium oxide, appearing as a yellowish powder. It is produced from uranium ore and serves as an intermediate step in making nuclear fuel or weapons.

French newspaper Le Monde has since corroborated the clandestine negotiations – and reports that the specific type of uranium is produced in the mines belonging to a French company.

Uranium, Le Monde reported, is Niger's most important export product and comes from mines that have been exploited since 1971 by the French group Orano in Arlit, located in north-central Niger.

Niger's Junta government has denied the secret negotiations and agreement.

According to Africa Intelligence, as part of the agreement, Tehran would provide large-capacity generators to Niamey to address Niger's energy deficit and support agricultural conversion efforts. These initiatives were launched by the new government, which came to power in a coup d'état on July 26, 2023.

The outlet's sources also said that a covert meeting between Iranian representatives and the Nigerien prime minister, Ali Lamine Zeine, occurred in August 2023 in Bamako, Mali. General Salifou Modi, the second in command of the Nigerien military junta, was also present. Iranian representatives are said to have also met with delegations of "pan-African" activists serving the juntas of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso.

This deal would not only challenge the numerous sanctions and agreements designed to prevent Iran from proliferating nuclear weapons, but simultaneously raises concerns in Washington and Paris. If Tehran acquires more uranium, it could expedite its nuclear capabilities, escalating international tension.

The reported amount of uranium is roughly equivalent to Iran's 2019 domestic output.

This move also has the potential to create tensions between Niger and Western countries, which have been outspoken in expressing their concerns against the sale of uranium to the Islamic rulers in Iran, bolstering Iran’s nuclear program.

This could lead to economic sanctions and political isolation for Niger, which would further undermine security in the region.

Other experts believe that Niger’s Junta is using this deal strategically, attempting to leverage their extensive uranium reserves to yield political and economic concessions from other international powers.

Shifting Alliances and Geopolitical Tensions in the Sahel

In July 2023, Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum was overthrown by a military junta known as the National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP). This marked the sixth military takeover in Africa’s Sahel region since 2020.

The series of coups began in Mali in 2020, followed by Guinea, Chad, and Sudan in 2021, and Burkina Faso in 2022. Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Mali have all shown strong support for Niger’s CNSP, opposing external efforts to reinstate Bazoum.

Since taking control, Niger's junta has expelled French, other European, and now American forces, while seeking support from Russia. In March of this year, Niger's junta demanded the withdrawal of US forces after a meeting with American officials. During the meeting, senior US officials expressed concerns about the arrival of Russian troops and accused Niger's military government of planning a uranium agreement with Iran.

Responding to these accusations, CNSP spokesperson Abdramane criticized the US delegation for allegedly trying to deny Niger's sovereignty and threatening retaliation. He emphasized Niger’s right to choose its partners to effectively combat terrorism.

The US had previously established a significant military presence in Niger, including two bases as part of a 2012 counterterrorism agreement. One of these, Air Base 201, cost over $100 million and has been used since 2018 to target Islamic State terrorists and Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM).

Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s visit to Niger over a decade ago, was aimed at purchasing uranium before the 2015 JCPOA agreement. Germany-based Middle East researcher Hamid Talebian suggests that access to Niger’s uranium could be a reward for Iran’s military assistance to Russia.

In response to the Le Monde article about the rumor of the purchase of “yellowcake” by the Islamic Republic of Iran from Niger, Mohammad Eslami, head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, told journalists: “You must consider the source of the news. For the first time ever, we announced the news of the Islamic Republic’s modest nuclear program to the ears of people in all corners of the world in a completely professional manner.”