Iran International
Authorities are increasing pressure on Iran’s medical community compelling female health workers to abide by hijab rules, including barring them from medical conferences if their clothing is not deemed Islamic enough.
Female participants of an annual medical conference were barred from entering the annual surgeon’s conference in Tehran on Monday, with several forced to buy “acceptable” clothing, have “appropriate” clothing delivered by family members, or return home to change.
The 45th conference of the Iranian Association of Surgeons, a non-governmental organization, is currently ongoing at the Medical Sciences University of Iran.
The 'reformist' Etemad news outlet reported that an official of the university’s security and a female agent were stationed in a small room at the gate of the conference hall to inspect the outfits of all female participants.
They were observed preventing women from entering if their coats (Manteau in Persian) were deemed short or tight-fitting, and if their trousers did not cover their ankles.
Only after changing into what was considered acceptable by the inspectors, could female participants enter the conference hall, according to Etemad’s reporter who was present at the conference.
According to the same reporter, one of the surgeons had to wear a male colleague's oversized jacket, while another, who had traveled from the southern city of Ahwaz to Tehran, had to hire a cab to go to a nearby shopping center to buy an acceptable Manteau.
A third doctor had to call her family to bring her another Manteau, the report said. Additionally, one female participant mentioned being instructed to slide her trousers down from her waist to cover her ankles.
Participants told Etemad that in some cases the chairmen of the gathering’s specialized groups had to leave the meetings to plead with the hijab inspectors to allow members to enter.
Participants in the conference told Etemad that hijab surveillance this year was unprecedented in the past two decades.
There has also been an uproar in the media and social media in the past few days over the statement of Heidar Mohammadi, head of the Health Ministry’s Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), who recently said that the “hijab [observance] status” at pharmacies would be a deciding factor in allocation of government-rationed medicine and medical supplies to them.
Dress code directives have been communicated to all pharmacies but “some anomalies” are being reported to the authorities, Mohammadi was reported as saying Monday.
“The matter of compliance with norms [set by the government] is one of the things that are considered in cases such as allocation of pharmacy quotas. If a pharmacy does not comply with the norms, a warning will be given at first, and if the warning is not heeded, preventive measures will be implemented against the offending pharmacy. If the preventive measures are not fruitful either, the violators will be referred to the legal authorities,” he added.
This could refer both to hijab observance by pharmacy staff and customers because authorities insist that all businesses are responsible for their customers’ hijab abidance and have on many occasions shut them down for serving unveiled women.
The Public Relations of the FDA consequently claimed in a statement that Mohammadi’s remarks were wrongly interpreted. The statement accused “hostile media and people” of taking advantage of the “mistake” to “assail religious beliefs”. Despite official state media claims, the statement did not in any terms deny the connection between hijab observance and allocation of rationed medicines to pharmacies.
In December 2023, another controversy regarding hijab and healthcare erupted in Iran after hardliners demanded specifically designed gowns conforming to Sharia rules to be made compulsory in hospitals and operating theaters.
Mohammad-Hossein Taheri-Akerdi, the secretary of a state body responsible for promotion of Islamic standards, whose main concern has always been promotion of hijab, said at the time that twelve versions of Islamic surgical gowns had been designed for female patients claiming that the standard hospital clothing violated women’s “dignity”.
Around the same time dental surgeon and university lecturer, Dr. Fatemeh Rejaei-Rad, was expelled from Amol University of Medical Sciences and lost her medical license for not wearing the hijab at an official event.
The punitive measures against Rajaei-Rad followed after she climbed the stage to accept a Best Doctor Award at a ceremony in the city of Amol without wearing a headscarf.
Three managers from the health department were also sacked for perceived failure to react to Rajaei-Rad's presence without a hijab during the ceremony.
The university has also liaised with IRGC-connected diplomats for student exchange programs, only to see two of its graduate students detained or kidnapped by the IRGC and its allied armed groups in Iraq.
With its second student still missing, Princeton’s experience is a “cautionary tale of how American institutions can be ensnared in the internal politics of Tehran and Washington and become pawns in those battles,” the report’s author, Jay Solomon, writes. “[The] Congress is now formally probing the school’s ties to Iranian regime officials.”
The report, published Thursday under the headline “How Princeton got burned by its outreach to Iran,” is based on original investigation and makes use of a cache of Iranian foreign ministry emails that were obtained by Iran International and used in two scoops about an Iranian influence network in the US.
Some familiar names from previous reports appear in the new one: Mostafa Zahrani, a senior Iranian foreign ministry diplomat with strong ties to IRGC, and Ariane Tabatabaei, currently at Pentagon, whose close and extensive ties with the regime have raised many eyebrows, and led to calls for revocation of her security clearance –as has happened with her mentor, Robert Malley, who until a year ago was Joe Biden’s Iran envoy.
Once more, Tabatabaei seems to have been at the heart of Iran’s soft war: this time initiating the ‘outreach’.
“I wanted to introduce you to a friend who is in Princeton, and you will see him in Vienna in three weeks,” Tabatabai wrote in a 2014 email, attempting to connect Kevan Harris, the then associate director of the University's Iran Centre to Mostafa Zahrani, an Iranian diplomat with IRGC ties. “[Kevan Harris] is interested in sharing with you a plan to send Iranian students to Princeton and to send American students to Iran.”
The emails obtained by Iran International show that Harris then “arranged to see Zahrani in Austria two weeks later on the sidelines of the nuclear negotiations that were taking place between Iran, the US, and other global powers there.” Early 2015, Princeton picked its first candidate for its nascent Iran program: the Chinese-American student Wang Xiyue.
“Wang was hesitant about going to Tehran,” according to Semafor. “He also raised with Princeton his concerns about security.” Harris told him it would be fine. “It’s a good time to go [to Iran] — looks like they are in a good mood over there.” Six months later, Wang was arrested. He spent more than three years in Tehran’s notorious Evin prison, including in solitary confinement. He was released in a prisoner swap in 2019.
But Princeton seems to have ignored the lessons of Wang’s plight. In March 2023, a second Princeton graduate student, Elizabeth Tsurkov, was abducted by an Iranian-affiliated militia from a cafe in Baghdad. She hasn’t been seen since last November. “Both the US and Israeli governments blame Iranian-backed militia Kataib Hezbollah (KH) for the abduction.”
Elizabeth’s sister, Emma Tsurkov, has been vocal against Princeton’s response –which denied it approved Elizabeth’s travel to Iraq, implying that their student had “gone rogue.” It took the University more than six months to publicly take responsibility “for Elizabeth’s research and travel to Iraq.” Shortly after, in November 2023, KH released a video in which Elizabeth claimed, “she was both an operative for the CIA and Mossad.”
The report in Semafor also addresses the (very much ongoing) controversy surrounding Hossein Mousavian, a top regime diplomat and former nuclear negotiator, who has been at Princeton since 2009. “He fled Tehran that year after being charged with espionage”, but once in the safety of the US, he continued to promote the regime’s talking points and its nuclear positions. The emails obtained by Iran International and reviewed by Semafor shows that Mousavian would consult Zahrani and then-Foreign Minister Javad Zarif to ensure his pieces were on message.
There was very little doubt at this point that Princeton enjoyed “strong ties to the upper echelons of the Islamic Republic’s leadership,” Semafor quotes Wang. Even one of Wang’s advisers at Princeton’s Iran center, Mona Rahmani, had close ties to the regime in Tehran. “Her father ran Tehran’s interest section in Washington.” Wang says Rahmani “declined” to help him when he was thrown into jail in Tehran. Mousavian suggested it would be “counterproductive” to appeal to his contacts. And Princeton advised his wife to keep quiet and “not publicly criticize the Iranian government.”
“Simply put, after encouraging and convincing Mr. Wang to go to Iran, Princeton chose to put their reputation and political interest ahead of Mr. Wang’s personal safety,” reads the lawsuit that Wang filed against his former school in 2021. Princeton has always denied the charge of “negligence”. Last September, the two parties settled out of court with the school giving Wang an undisclosed amount.
Of all those named in the Semafor story, the only character still in Princeton –and almost entirely unaffected by all this– is Mousavian. The school still supports him and defends the decision to hire him in 2009, citing his role “in helping to promote the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, and his efforts to reduce tensions between Washington and Tehran that some Western officials worry could expand into an all-out war,” according to Semafor.
But some in the Congress have raised concerns about his continued presence in the US, with the House Committee on Education and the Workforce formally probing his employment: “Mousavian’s position...raises significant concerns about the influence of foreign hostile regimes on American institutions,” the committee wrote to Princeton President Christopher Eisgruber last November.
This has partly been a result of a grassroot campaign by Iranian-American activists who are pressuring Princeton to sever ties with Mousavian. Their campaign got a boost in March when the National Association of Scholars (NAAS) joined their chorus to get Mousavian dismissed. “His position threatens US national security and cedes academia’s integrity to a hostile regime linked to terrorism and human rights abuses,” the NAAS statement read.
Princeton has also hosted Robert Malley, the Biden administration’s suspended special Iran envoy, as a guest lecturer for the 2023 fall semester–months after his security clearance was revoked. Malley is currently being investigated by the FBI for the possible mishandling of classified information.