Iranian Passport Ranking Climbs But Visa Challenges Persist
The standing of the Iranian passport has improved compared to last year, a residence and citizenship consulting firm says, but Iranians still face myriads of snags.
The standing of the Iranian passport has improved compared to last year, a residence and citizenship consulting firm says, but Iranians still face myriads of snags.
London-based consultancy company Henley & Partners, which publishes rankings and reports on global mobility, investment and wealth migration trends, placed Iran on the 92nd position in its latest Henley Passport Index.
According to the company’s Global Mobility Report 2023 Q3, the ranking of the passport has risen by seven steps compared to the figure in the first quarter of this year, although the number of destinations accessible to Iranians without a prior visa has increased just by one country, reaching a total of 44.
It means that Iran’s passport grants visa-free or visa-on-arrival access in 44 destinations. The index, which includes 199 different passports and 227 different travel destinations, is updated quarterly. The index is based on exclusive data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) – the most extensive and accurate travel information database -- and is further enhanced by Henley & Partners' research team.
Iran shares its spot with Eritrea and Sudan – both granted easy access to 44 destinations. Iran's passport is weaker that those of Congo, South Sudan, Nigeria, and Myanmar and stronger than Kosovo, Libya, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and North Korea.
Before the 1979 revolution, as Iran was a fast modernizing country with a strong economy, its passport enjoyed visa-free status in most European countries, when global travel was more limited than today.
After five years of Japan's dominance, Singapore now tops the list with visa-free access to 193 destinations, similar to Germany, Italy, and Spain.
Given the fact that countries can share spots in the ranking, and although Iran is placed on the 92nd spot, there are only 14 passports worse than that of Iran. Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, and the Palestinian Territory sit on rock-bottom with insignificant changes since the last report.
Most of the countries with which the Islamic Republic has agreed to visa waivers or reduced entry restrictions are located in Africa or South America, such as Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, or former Soviet republics like Kazakhstan. Several countries, including the United States, Canada, Israel, and Morocco, still do not have an embassy or consular section in Iran.
Earlier in July, Ali-Asghar Shalbafian, the deputy in the ministry of tourism, claimed that Iran is considering the possibility of unilaterally waiving visas for 60 countries.
Over the past decade, Iranian authorities have made repeated claims regarding visa waiver agreements, including with their ally Russia. However, Russia still demands visas.
For Iranians, getting visas for developed countries, including those of the Schengen area in the European Union, has always been challenging. In recent years, the obstacles have intensified, so have the number of Iranians who seek to leave the country.
During the peak of antigovernment nationwide protests in 2022, reports emerged about certain European countries refusing to issue Schengen visas in Tehran.
Although some of these countries officially denied the reports or responsibility for such actions, sources within European embassies in Iran confirmed the reports.
In October, the French Embassy in Tehran denied the visa issuance suspension as "common rumors in the virtual space," claiming that "The problems are entirely beyond our control.” In a statement, it said "Due to internet filtering, which Iranian authorities have decided to implement, the French embassy is temporarily unable to process a large volume of files.”
The problems are not limited to Western countries. The Islamic Republic's embassy in Baku recently announced that based on a decision by the Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry, issuing visas upon arrival for Iranian citizens has been suspended.
Apart from the difficulties in obtaining visas, Iranians also face challenges in extending their stays or accessing banking and insurance systems in the countries that allow them in with fewer restrictions.
Turkey, which has been a very popular destination for Iranians seeking refuge from uncertainties of life in Iran, has ceased issuing residence permits to Iranians based on rent contracts, which used to be a common practice in Turkey. Although official regulations have not changed, Iranians are rejected by the immigration office or at banks without providing any explanation to the applicants.
Concerns about people fleeing Iran and possible destabilizing actions in other countries by Islamic Republic agents are prime reasons for widespread travel restrictions. Prior to the 1979 revolution, which led to the ouster of Mohammad Reza Shah, Iranians could travel without visas throughout Western Europe, with the exceptions of Austria and Switzerland.
Referring to the regime’s ongoing development of its nuclear program, he told the joint session of the US Congress: “Let there be no doubt: Iran does not strive to attain nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Iran is building nuclear capabilities that pose a threat to the stability of the Middle East and beyond.”
Meanwhile, the UK’s Foreign Secretary, James Cleverly, echoed his sentiments at a fireside chat in Aspen, US, in which he said the UK is committed to working with its allies in the US, Europe and the Middle East “to ensure that we never see a nuclear-armed Iran”.
Both leaders stressed the global threats Iran poses, from its proxies across the Middle East to its foiled attacks in countries including at least 15 in the UK alone, as well as recent plans to attack Jewish and Israeli targets in Greece, Cyprus and Azerbaijan.
“Every country or region controlled or infiltrated by Iran has experienced utter havoc,” Herzog said. “We have seen this in Yemen, in Gaza, in Syria, in Lebanon, and in Iraq. In fact, we have seen this in Iran itself where the regime has lost its people, and is suppressing them brutally.”
The two leaders were speaking as the UK had imposed yet further sanctions on the country, ramping up on several months of penalties for both ongoing nuclear activity and the brutal suppression of protesters since September’s uprising in the wake of the death in morality police custody of Mahsa Amini.
“We maintain a tough and robust position towards Iran and that will remain our position,” Cleverly said. “If Iran does not like the UK’s response, then Iran needs to change its behavior. Our actions are in response to their behavior.”
Herzog also raised the issue of Iran’s arming Russia in its war in Ukraine, a claim the regime denies but more recently, evidence has shown the cooperation continues, and now it has been revealed that the two nations are building a joint weapons plant.
He said: “Iran has spread hatred, terror, and suffering throughout the Middle East and beyond, adding fuel to the disastrous fire and suffering in Ukraine.”
The Israeli President addressed in candid detail the threat posed to the Middle East’s only democracy. “Iran is the only nation on the planet publicly calling, plotting, and developing means to annihilate another nation, a member of the family of nations, the State of Israel. Israel has no border with Iran. Israel has no resources contested by Iran. Israel has no conflict with the Iranian people. And yet, the Iranian regime – together with its proxies throughout the Middle East – is aiming and working towards destroying the State of Israel, killing the Jews, and challenging the entire free world,” he told Congress.
He said that allowing Iran to become a nuclear threshold state, “whether by omission or by diplomatic commission, is unacceptable”, calling on the world not to remain indifferent to the Iranian regime’s call to wipe Israel off the map.
“Tolerating this call and Iran’s measures to realize it, is an inexcusable moral collapse,” he said, calling on the US to work with the Jewish state to prevent Iran’s fundamental threat to international security.
“I am here to reiterate what every Israeli leader has declared for decades: the State of Israel is determined to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapon capabilities,” he added.
Hossein Marashi, who is the Secretary General of the Executives of Construction, the leading centrist group, told a local website on Tuesday, "I have no hope in Iranian politicians. The elites in the society should come forward with determination and make their point, and whatever they need to do. I have hope that the people will change the scene."
This was an unprecedented pessimistic comment by a seasoned pragmatic politician who has always been an optimist.
Nonetheless, Marashi dismissed the idea of boycotting the upcoming parliamentary elections in March 2024. Some reformist politicians have suggested the idea as a reaction to hardliners barring moderate and reformist candidates from running for office in two previous votes.
Speaking about Faezeh Hashemi, a political heavyweight and one of the relatively popular politicians of the Executives of Construction Party who has spoken about the need to boycott the elections, Marashi said: "She should have waited for the party's final verdict about taking part in the election."
Marashi reiterated: "If the people do not come to the scene and do not take the lead in the management of politics, and lash out at politicians, no positive change is likely to occur in their life."
However, he did not say how people can bring about political change when the slightest gesture of protests or dissent is met with force and arrests.
However, the centrist politician oddly said, "We are waiting to see what way out the reformists will show to end this political impasse,” By putting the onus on those who have been pushed out of office by the hard core of the regime, Marashi added that the Reform Front has a great responsibility in coming up with a solution and we are waiting to see what they are going to do.
He acknowledged that the reformist faction is currently overwhelmed by despair as a result of the Guardian Council's "arbitrary supervision" which bars many politicians from running for the parliament or the presidency. He argued that any boycott of the elections will play into the hands of those who want to monopolize power.
At the same time, conservative politician Mohammad Javad Bahonar spoke about the issue from another perspective. He said that as a result of the Guardian Council's selective treatment of election candidates, a majority of the members of parliament are so unprepared that they are not even familiar with their responsibilities as lawmakers. He also charged that many conservative lawmakers do not understand the country's situation.
However, as Marashi pointed out, "Politics is a battlefield where we should confront institutions that exert influence beyond the scope of their official authority. But political competition is not like going to a party. It is like dealing blows and at the same time being prepared to receive blows." He reiterated that reformists and moderates should be prepared for a fierce competition while everyone should accept that we need to revise the procedures in the interest of Iran's future.
Meanwhile, Marashi advised that hardliners should note that Iran is a diverse society and not everyone is a regime supporter who accepts its ideology by 100 percent. "This is a diverse society. There are Sunnis, there are those who have distanced themselves from religion and religious government, and there are those who believe in a different ideology. We need to do away with the monopolistic approach of a certain group of regime's supporters."
Former chief of the Iranian parliament's national security and foreign policy committee Heshmatollah Falahatpisheh said Wednesday that “What exists between Iran and the United States now is similar to the 'red telephone line' that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.”
He added, “I proposed a similar suggestion in the parliament to establish a direct hotline of communication between Iran and the United States to manage the tensions.”
Established in 1963, the Moscow–Washington hotline links the Pentagon with the Kremlin. Although the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used, in popular culture it is known as the "red telephone.”
His remarks come after recent reports that the two sides were striving to reach an unofficial unwritten agreement to prevent escalation. However, many US lawmakers from both sides of the aisle have called on the Biden administration to come clean about its dealings with the Iranian regime, particularly after the US special envoy Robert Malley was dismissed last month, with Congress in the dark.
Falahatpisheh said that in a situation when reviving the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) seems practically unattainable, this kind of communication is the best possible outcome Iran and the United States could achieved.
“What is referred to as the 'unwritten agreement' is essentially the formation of this hotline for communication. Iran and the United States have not reached a formal agreement, but they are managing the existing tensions in their relationship,” he said.
He underlined that “The establishment of this hot line does not imply anything specific except that the two countries have direct and indirect (mostly secretive) interactions with each other at any given time, discussing tensions and preventing crises from escalating.” He made it clear that “there is no written agreement taking shape.”
The Biden administration says that it continues contacts with Tehran, but no nuclear or prisoner release agreement is imminent.
According to Falahatpisheh, Washington’s lax enforcement of sanctions on Iran's oil exports and Tehran’s tendency to avoid tensions in the Persian Gulf are the outcomes of such a mechanism to manage differences.
But some events could be seen as contradicting this scenario. The US military announced in early July that it intervened to prevent Iranian naval vessels from seizing two commercial ships in the Persian Gulf.
Pentagon announced on Monday that it was sending more warplanes and an additional warship to the region, mainly to provide maritime security.
Meanwhile, US lawmakers are intensifying efforts to restrict the Biden administration in its interactions with the Iranian regime.
On Monday, Michael McCaul (R-TX), the chairman of the US House foreign affairs committee, threatened a subpoena if the administration does not brief Congress on the circumstances of Rob Malley’s dismissal, noting that the State Department has been less than candid with his security clearance investigation.
However, the administration still sounds reluctant to divulge any information as White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre dodged questions about the investigation on Tuesday.
Moreover, on the backdrop of a flurry of Congressional initiatives and letters to the administration, eight Republican Senators wrote to Secretary of State Antony Blinken and the Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen, demanding more serious enforcement of US sanctions on Iran.
The senators raised the issue of China’s increasing oil imports from Iran, while US sanctions prohibit third parties from buying Iranian oil and oil products. “Despite sanctions, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has purchased roughly $47 billion in Iranian oil since President Biden took office,” the letter says.
Despite the push by lawmakers, Washington has made a change in the way Iraq pays Iran for electricity. According to an exclusive report by Reuters, the Biden administration on Tuesday moved to let Iraq pay Iran for electricity via non-Iraqi banks.