Pop artist Mehdi Yarrahi drops new protest song: Auschwitz

The report released on Monday, titled “Tightening the Net: China’s Infrastructure of Oppression in Iran,” traces cooperation dating back to at least 2010 and says Chinese firms supplied or supported equipment and know-how used for internet filtering, deep packet inspection, centralized traffic management, and mass surveillance.

It named companies including ZTE, Huawei, Tiandy, and Hikvision, and describes how Iran built out a tightly controlled “National Information Network” designed to function as a domestic intranet while progressively limiting access to the open, global internet.

“In its pursuit of total control over the digital space, Iran borrows directly from the Chinese digital authoritarian playbook,” Michael Caster, head of ARTICLE 19’s China program, said in the report.

The organization said Tehran’s embrace of Beijing’s “cyber sovereignty” concept – the idea that governments should have near-total authority over online information flows within their borders – has helped normalize censorship and surveillance in international forums.

“Emulating China’s infrastructure of oppression helps Iran entrench power, sidestepping accountability and exercising full control over the information environment. That way, dissent is not just silenced, it is prevented from ever surfacing,” said Mo Hoseini, the head of the group’s Resilience department said.

ARTICLE 19 said the technology and institutional alignment have become more visible during major crackdowns, including the recent wave of protests that began late December.

The group said authorities responded with widespread violence and arrests, and then escalated to nationwide network interference on January 8, 2026, followed by broad disruption of internet, phone, and mobile networks by January 11, cutting off communications as security forces moved to suppress dissent.

The report said the latest blackout showed a level of centralized control that reached beyond social media and messaging, affecting essential services including banking, healthcare, and emergency response.

It added that Iran has repeatedly used shutdowns during earlier periods of unrest, including during the 2022 “Woman, Life, Freedom” protests and demonstrations in 2019-2020, but argued the 2026 disruption was broader and more aggressively enforced than previous episodes.

ARTICLE 19 said Iran also intensified efforts to restrict satellite connectivity. It said Starlink traffic was heavily disrupted during the crackdown and that the sophistication of the disruption suggested military-grade capabilities.

The report said authorities also seized satellite equipment door-to-door and imposed harsh penalties under a 2025 law criminalizing the possession of satellite internet terminals.

While the group said China’s direct role in the specific Starlink disruption was not confirmed, it argued that Chinese assistance has been central to the foundations of Iran’s internet control architecture, and that Beijing continues to provide a template for the state’s approach to “digital authoritarianism.”

The report describes Iran’s Supreme Council of Cyberspace – established in 2012 and chaired by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei – as structurally similar to China’s Cyberspace Administration of China, with both bodies overseeing centralized filtering, restrictions on foreign platforms, and the expansion of state-approved domestic alternatives.

It said Iran’s National Information Network increasingly mirrors features associated with China’s “Great Firewall,” including embedded surveillance and mechanisms to compel service providers to share data or throttle traffic.

The organization said the spread of surveillance and censorship tools risks entrenching repression inside Iran while eroding broader norms of internet freedom.

It also called for stronger export controls and sanctions enforcement targeting suppliers of surveillance and filtering technologies, greater corporate transparency, and increased support for secure circumvention tools and resilient connectivity options for Iranians during shutdowns.

An explosion struck a military convoy in the Mahmoudabad area of Iranshahr in southeastern Iran on Wednesday, destroying at least two armored vehicles, reported Halvash Telegram channel, which covers developments in Sistan-Baluchestan province.

Sources cited by Halvash said the sound of the explosion was heard across the city and that military and security forces increased their presence around the scene afterward.

There was no official statement from authorities regarding the incident.

The transfers involved at least six Iranian diplomats who carried suitcases filled with US dollars on commercial flights to Lebanon, according to the information.

The cash deliveries formed part of efforts to help Hezbollah rebuild its finances and operational capacity after sustaining significant blows to its leadership, weapons stockpiles and funding networks.

Those involved include Mohammad Ebrahim Taherianfard, a former ambassador to Turkey and senior Foreign Ministry official; Mohammad Reza Shirkhodaei, a veteran diplomat and former consul general in Pakistan; his brother Hamidreza Shirkhodaei; Reza Nedaei; Abbas Asgari; and Amir-Hamzeh Shiranirad, a former Iranian embassy employee in Canada.

Taherianfard traveled to Beirut in January alongside Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi. He carried a suitcase filled with dollars, relying on diplomatic immunity to avoid airport inspection.

Similar methods were used on other trips, with diplomats transporting cash directly through Beirut’s Rafik Hariri International Airport.

Ali Larijani, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, also traveled to Beirut in October and carried hundreds of millions of dollars in cash, according to the information.

After Israeli strikes disrupted weapons and cash-smuggling routes used by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards in Syria, Beirut airport emerged as a primary channel for direct cash deliveries.

Hezbollah’s longstanding influence over security structures at the airport has in the past facilitated such transfers, though Lebanese authorities have recently increased control.

The cash shipments come as Hezbollah faces acute financial strain. The group has struggled to pay fighters and to finance reconstruction in parts of southern Lebanon heavily damaged in fighting. Rebuilding costs have been estimated in the billions of dollars.

In January 2025, The Wall Street Journal reported that Israel had accused Iran of funneling tens of millions of dollars in cash to Hezbollah through Beirut airport, with Iranian diplomats and other couriers allegedly carrying suitcases stuffed with US dollars to help the group recover after major losses.

Israel filed complaints with the US-led cease-fire oversight committee, while Iran, Turkey and Hezbollah denied wrongdoing. The report said tighter scrutiny at Beirut airport and the disruption of routes through Syria had made such cash shipments a more prominent channel for funding.

On Tuesday, the US Treasury announced new sanctions targeting what it described as key mechanisms Hezbollah uses to sustain its finances, including coordination with Iran and exploitation of Lebanon’s informal cash economy.

The Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Lebanese gold exchange company Jood SARL, which operates under the supervision of US-designated Al-Qard Al-Hassan, a Hezbollah-linked financial institution. Treasury said Jood converts Hezbollah’s gold reserves into usable funds and helps the group mitigate liquidity pressures.

OFAC also sanctioned an international procurement and commodities shipping network involving Hezbollah financiers operating from multiple jurisdictions, including Iran.

“Hezbollah is a threat to peace and stability in the Middle East,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in a statement, adding that the United States would continue working to cut the group off from the global financial system.

Iran has long considered Hezbollah a central pillar of its regional alliance network and has provided the group with financial, military and logistical support for decades.

Iran’s negotiators have no authority to discuss missile capability in their talks with the US, a senior advisor to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who was recently appointed as the Secretary of Supreme Defense Council, said on Wednesday.

Ali Shamkhani warned that war with the United States would not be limited to the two sides and would extend in the region, Tasnim News Agency reported.

“This war in such a region would, in principle, not be confined to military issues alone, and given the region’s energy capacity, it would certainly affect numerous factors around the world that impact the lives of people globally,” he added.

As the Islamic Republic marked the 47th anniversary of its 1979 revolution on Wednesday, Iranian authorities staged nationwide rallies while the country’s leadership faced mounting pressure at home and abroad.

State media broadcast images of large crowds gathering in Tehran and other cities to commemorate the anniversary, an annual event organized by the government.

In the capital, participants assembled at Azadi Square, waving Iranian flags and portraits of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the late Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic.

President Masoud Pezeshkian addressed the gathering in Tehran, saying Iranians had risen up in 1979 to seek justice and independence.

He said the anniversary demonstrated that people had turned out “in their millions” to defend the revolution, follow the country’s leadership and uphold national values.

Pezeshkian accused the United States and European countries of seeking to undermine the Islamic Republic since its founding, referring to the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq war and longstanding Western sanctions.

The commemorations came as Iran’s clerical establishment confronts renewed external pressure and lingering domestic unrest.

US President Donald Trump said this week he was considering sending another aircraft carrier group to the Middle East, as indirect nuclear talks resume and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu presses Washington to take a harder line on Tehran.

While state television highlighted the scale of the anniversary rallies, witnesses in Tehran reported hearing anti-government chants from residential neighborhoods on Tuesday night during government-organized festivities, a sign of tensions that have simmered since a bloody crackdown on nationwide protests in January.

Iran’s leadership has long used the anniversary to project unity and resilience. Analysts say participation includes committed supporters of the system, members of state institutions and others attending what has become a public holiday marked by organized events.

The anniversary events unfolded against a backdrop of economic strain, Western sanctions and uncertainty over the future of nuclear negotiations against the backdrop of US military buildup in the region.