At least 110 women killed in Iran over past year, rights group says
Journalist Mansoureh Ghadiri was stabbed and bludgeoned to death by her husband in Tehran in November 2024
At least 110 women were killed in Iran between November 2024 and November 2025, a US-based human rights group said in a report marking the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.
The Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said that its reporting represents only incidents that could be independently verified.
“The actual scale and severity of violence against women in Iran is significantly higher,” the report said, though the available data already “lays bare the deadly dimensions of gender-based violence.”
Beyond the 110 killings, HRANA recorded 93 cases of severe abuse, including 63 incidents of rape and sexual assault, 11 reported beatings, 9 acid attacks, 9 cases classified as domestic violence, one self-immolation and one suicide linked to gender-based abuse.
The organization said cultural taboos, family pressure and the absence of safe reporting mechanisms in Iran mean a large share of incidents never reach authorities or the media.
What appears in the report, it said, is “only a fraction of a much broader reality” that affects women from households to public spaces and across state institutions.
A controversial example is a law that exempts fathers – who legally own the right to the “blood” of their offspring – from the death penalty if they kill them. Another law allows a father to pardon his children’s killers, for the same reason, if he so chooses.
Such provisions have led to lenient sentences in many so-called honor killing cases.
In May, Iran's government announced the withdrawal of a critical draft law on violence against women from parliament after hardliners watered it down, dealing a new setback to women's rights in the theocracy.
The bill—originally proposed by former President Hassan Rouhani’s administration—was intended to strengthen protections for women by increasing penalties for physical abuse and providing support services for victims.
But modifications by hardline lawmakers significantly altered the bill’s core principles, leading the government to abandon the effort.
'Nationwide abuses'
HRANA said documented cases came from all 31 provinces, underscoring that abuses are nationwide rather than confined to any specific region.
Tehran accounted for at least 50 cases, followed by Razavi Khorasan with 13, West Azarbaijan with 11, Fars with 9 and Kermanshah with 8.
The report noted a rise in recorded violence during months of heightened social and security pressure, including December and January 2024, and in early spring and summer this year.
Many cases, HRANA said, were reported even in state media, reflecting levels of violence that “cannot be fully censored.”
The group added that similar patterns are visible in abuses targeting LGBTQ+ people, though extreme censorship and security pressures prevent reliable documentation.
It said violence against women cannot be separated from broader gender-based discrimination in Iran, where "systemic restrictions continue to deprive women and girls of fundamental rights."
The findings were published ahead of November 25, recognized by the UN as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.
First observed by activists in 1981, the date was formally adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2000, which called on governments and international bodies to take annual action to raise awareness and combat gender-based violence.
The day also marks the launch of the global “16 Days of Activism” campaign, running until 10 December, Human Rights Day. Under the UN Women “UNiTE” initiative, the color orange is used to symbolize hope and the global demand to end violence against women and girls.
A group of prisoners in Iran alleged that a coordinated network trafficking narcotics and other illicit goods has operated for years across multiple detention facilities, according to a report they released on Sunday.
“The identity of the godfather and the members of his network is now clear,” the prisoners of Ghezel Hesar facility in Karaj wrote in a report. “There is no room left for denial or claims of ignorance.”
They called on judicial authorities and the Prisons Organization to act “immediately and transparently” to protect inmates and halt the network’s activities.
Network tied to senior prison official
Esmail Farajnejad, Ghezel Hesar prison’s deputy for health affairs, according to the report.
The prisoners said his involvement dates back to his time at Rajaei Shahr prison, where they said he and several associates helped distribute narcotics and other illicit goods.
Farajnejad was later reassigned to Ghezel Hesar, but the prisoners said his reach endured with backing from a senior official they identified only as “Mr. Baay,” who subsequently rose to a powerful internal security role.
The inmates said the network reaped “significant financial gain” from drug trafficking and from securing internal appointments that kept its members in key roles.
Farajnejad, they alleged, maintained control through threats and intimidation during his tenure.
The prisoners said Farajnejad played a direct role in ending a strike in Ward 2 mid-October, after 15 inmates on death row were moved to pre-execution cells.
They alleged he initially relayed sympathetic messages through prisoners close to him, but hardened his stance as the protest spread.
“He called the prisoners stubborn and uncomprehending,” they wrote, quoting him as warning that executions would go ahead “in groups of thirty” if the strike continued. The inmates said protesters then escalated by sewing their lips shut.
Inmates inside one of Iran's prisons
The report ends with a warning that more names tied to the alleged network will be made public if authorities fail to act.
The prisoners said the network’s structure and beneficiaries “are now fully exposed,” and urged officials to intervene to protect those in custody.
The US State Department called the death of political prisoner Farzad Khoshboresh an example of Islamic Republic abuses, saying that the establishment is suppressing dissent with violence instead of addressing public needs.
“Officials in Iran said Farzad Khoshboresh’s health deteriorated in detention and that he died after being transferred to a hospital,” the department wrote Saturday on its Persian-language page on X.
“But the bruises and signs of torture on his body tell a different story, one that Iranians know all too well: the story of someone who dared to speak out and paid a heavy price,” it added.
Judiciary outlet confirms death
Mizan, the news agency of Iran’s judiciary, confirmed Khoshboresh’s death on Wednesday and said he had been taken to a hospital with signs of illness, released on bail the same day, and died two days later from illness.
His death, the State Department said, fits into what it called a “violent pattern” by the Islamic Republic to silence dissent and spread fear. “Even in the face of such repression, the brave people of Iran continue to demand justice, dignity, and freedom,” the department wrote.
The Hengaw rights group reported Tuesday that witnesses saw bruising on Khoshboresh’s body. Mizan did not mention any injuries.
Local sources said Khoshboresh was detained for a second time by the intelligence ministry on November 12. They said he suddenly suffered acute pain and vomiting in custody after consuming cake and water at the Behshahr detention center, lost consciousness, and was taken to hospital.
He was kept shackled to a bed and died 24 hours after receiving antibiotics, following a rejected request for transfer to another medical facility, according to the sources. Medical equipment, they added, was removed without informing his family and that his body was taken to a morgue.
A prison in Iran
Khoshborash was buried Thursday under heavy security in a village near Neka in northern Mazandaran province.
From left to right: Mahsa Asadollahnejad, Parviz Sedaghat, Mohammad Maljou, Shirin Karimi
The Association of Iranian Studies Committee on Academic Freedom on Friday urged top Tehran’s officials to drop charges against five independent scholars, calling it a politically motivated move.
“We express our deep concern over the Iranian government’s ongoing violations of academic freedom, particularly in light of the recent politically motivated arrests and detentions of independent scholars,” the group wrote.
The open letter was addressed to Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, President Masoud Pezeshkian and Chief Justice Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei.
The AIS was referring to a recent crackdown on leftist academics Parviz Sedaghat, sociologist Mahsa Asadollahnejad, writer Shirin Karimi, economist Mohammad Maljoo, and scholar Heyman Rahimi.
“All face national security charges over their intellectual work. Sedaghat, Asadollahnejad, and Karimi were released on bail November 12, but charges persist; Maljoo and Rahimi face ongoing interrogations,” the group said.
"We are profoundly concerned by this latest violation of basic rights of citizenship and scholarly independence," the letter said. "We... consider it a clear violation of their fundamental right to academic freedom."
The group called on Iran to drop all charges, allow academic freedom and respect the UN human rights charter.
'Crackdown campaign'
AIS, founded in 1967, represents global experts on Iran and advocates for free scholarly exchange.
The arrests have drawn wider condemnation. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) called for the immediate release of Sedaghat and other detained scholars, while PEN America denounced Iran’s “escalating campaign against freedom of expression.”
Human rights groups have described the arrests and summonses as part of a broader campaign of arrests meant to stifle public debate following Iran’s 12-day June war with Israel.
In an article published three weeks after the June war, Sedeghat had written that despite the ceasefire with Israel, “we continue to live within the same rhetoric, the same confrontational tone.”
He warned that Iran’s economy “has been caught in structural blockage” and that without political reform, the country is headed "toward systemic collapse.”
Afarin Mohajer, an Iranian–American dual national detained in Evin Prison, in an image released by Hengaw on November 18, 2025.
An Iranian–American woman is being held in incommunicado detention in Tehran after her arrest upon arrival at Imam Khomeini Airport in September, according to Norway-based rights group Hengaw.
The woman, identified as Afarin Mohajer, normally lives in Los Angeles and has been held in the women’s ward of Evin Prison, the group said.
Hengaw said security forces detained Mohajer on September 29 after she landed in Tehran and transferred her directly to Evin Prison, where she has had no access to due process and her legal status remains unclear.
US-based rights group the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) also reported her arrest, adding that there is no information about the charges against her.
“The Islamic Republic of Iran has a long record of detaining dual nationals and using them as leverage in foreign policy disputes,” Hengaw said.
“There are growing concerns that Mohajer may become the latest victim of this practice, often described as hostage diplomacy,” the rights group added.
More arrests
In August, The New York Times reported, citing rights groups and lawyers, that Iran is holding at least four Iranian–American citizens, including two individuals arrested after Iran’s June war with Israel.
Hostage Aid Worldwide, a nonprofit that aids families of detainees, was quoted as saying it remains in contact with the detainees’ friends and relatives, and that all four had traveled to Iran from the United States to visit family.
The report cited two Iranian officials as saying that two of the detainees were arrested as part of a crackdown on suspected operatives linked to Israel and the United States.
Over recent years, Iran has repeatedly detained foreign and dual nationals, including US citizens and Iranian–Americans, on broad national-security or espionage charges, a practice rights groups have condemned for its lack of transparency and unclear legal proceedings.
One such case involved Iranian–American businessman Siamak Namazi, who was held in Evin Prison from 2015 until his release in 2023, with his detention cited as part of a larger prisoner-swap deal between Iran and the United States.
The UN General Assembly’s Third Committee adopted a resolution on Wednesday condemning Iran’s human rights record, in a move praised by the UN rapporteur on rights on the country.
The resolution passed with 79 votes in favor, 28 against and 63 abstentions.
According to the text, it “condemned in the strongest terms the alarming and significant increase in and the sustained and extensive use of the application of the death penalty” in Iran.
Many executions, it added, were carried out without fair trials, in secrecy or on the basis of “forced confessions” obtained from detainees.
The resolution also raised concerns about transnational repression by Iranian authorities.
Iran carried out “repressive activities” aimed at harming, silencing and intimidating critics of the government, including human rights defenders, journalists and dissidents, the text continued, asserting that some individuals “were targeted overseas by transnational repression.”
It said Iranian authorities used digital targeting, including online harassment, surveillance and intimidation, adding that authorities also relied on physical force and other means, including threats and coercion, against individuals abroad.
Iranian officials targeted family members inside Iran through “surveillance, harassment and intimidation”, it asserted, as a way to pressure critics overseas.
Victims, survivors and families seeking accountability, including those linked to the 2022 protests, faced harassment as well.
The committee also expressed “serious concern” about Iran’s treatment of women and girls. It referred to the continuing enforcement of compulsory veiling laws and described them as discriminatory policies that undermined fundamental rights.
“I’m pleased to see strong condemnation of the alarming use of the death penalty... and the call for transparency in death penalty practices (in Iran),” UN’s Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran, Mai Sato, said in a post on X.
"Pleased to see transnational repression included in the resolution," she added.
Sato said Iran has executed over 1200 individuals in the first 10 months of the year.