Iranian nurse in coma after arrest amid crackdown on protests

The Hamburg-based organization has gone to great lengths to promote Seyed Hossein Mousavian, who was an Iranian diplomat when over 20 Iranian dissidents in Europe were assassinated during the 1990’s.

“In May 2024, Brigadier General Christian Freuding and 39 high-ranking German Foreign Ministry and Army officials met with Mousavian under the auspices of the Körber Foundation,” the group pointed out in the campaign letter.

“Mousavian, a known apologist for the Islamic Regime of Iran, has a documented history of involvement in terrorist activities on European soil. His participation in such high-level meetings legitimizes his views and poses potential risks to Germany’s national security,” wrote the coalition statement in both English and Persian.

Mousavian, an academic at Princeton University, is currently being investigated by the US Congress and is subject to a campaign by rights groups for his dismissal due to his alleged connections to state-sponsored terror.

The letter written by the coalition also noted that Adnan Tabatabai was another frequent invitee of the Körber Foundation.

“Tabatabai has well-documented connections to the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). His perspectives, often sympathetic to the regime, overshadow the voices of countless Iranians who suffer under the gender apartheid and authoritarian rule of the IRI,” the activists wrote.

The coalition comprises major organizations such as the Alliance Against Islamic Regime of Iran Apologists (AAIRIA), International Committee Against Death Penalty and Organization for Human Rights Hengaw.

Körber has also hosted Iranian regime official Massoumeh Ebtekar, who participated in the taking of American hostages at the US embassy in 1979, openly writing on X: “We were honored to welcome Dr. Massoumeh Ebtekar @ebtekarm, Vice President of #Iran at Körber Foundation for a Background Discussion today.”

The letter was also signed by a number of prominent German-Iranian and German activists and human rights experts such as Gazelle Sharmahd, the daughter of the German-American hostage in Iran, Jamshid Sharmahd. He is one of an unknown number of dual-nationals held by Iran as part of its policy of diplomatic hostage taking.

Golaleh Sharafkandi, whose uncle, Dr Sadegh Sharafkandi was assassinated by Iranian agents in the Mykonos restaurant in Berlin in 1992, targeting Kurdish dissidents, is also a signatory.

Mousavian, who was ambassador to Germany at the time, allegedly permitted a clandestine division to work at Iran’s embassy in Bonn to carry out assassinations.

In November, referring to the Mykonos case, Mousavian denied his involvement. He told Iran International: “The 398-page verdict is published and everyone can have access to it. The Berlin court verdict does not contain any direct or indirect allegations against me.”

When approached about the latest letter on Friday via WhatsApp and Emails, Mousavian declined to comment.

The letter noted that “The Körber Foundation, established by industrialist Kurt A. Körber, has a complex history, including connections to the Nazi regime during World War II.

“As an organization with this past, it is even more crucial for the Foundation to promote justice, human rights, and democracy actively. By cutting ties with apologists of oppressive regimes and supporting the Iranian people's fight for freedom, the Körber Foundation can help remedy its dark past and contribute positively to a just future.”

The letter also referenced delegations Körber sponsored to Iran in 2017 where staff met with Iranian officials and visited the state-run Press TV, sanctioned by both the US and UK.

Lothar Dittmer, the chairman of the Körber Foundation, and Henriette Viebig, a spokeswoman for the Körber company that finances the foundation, did not immediately respond to Iran International press queries.

"The overarching approach of the 14th administration's foreign policy reflects a nuanced balance between continuity and transformation," Araghchi said. He suggested that should Europe abandon its “aggressive” stance, "they will become Iran’s priority" once more—a position currently occupied by Russia and China.

The statement comes amid a backdrop of strained relations between the EU and Iran, with the bloc accusing Tehran of failing to curb its nuclear activities, supporting Palestinian militant group Hamas, backing Russia's aggression in Ukraine, and committing human rights violations.

Regarding relations with the US, Araghchi said that tensions exist between the two countries and that "In our foreign policy, it is our responsibility to minimize the costs of the [US] aggression to the greatest extent possible and to avert the formation of an international consensus against us," Araghchi said.

Although similar nuanced statements by Iranian officials in recent weeks are far from being a clear signal of a significant foreign policy shift, they could be attempts to explore the diplomatic environment prior to the US elections.

Additionally, Iran has so far refrained from retaliating against the killing of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh. With Europe and the US firmly backing Israel and labeling Iran as a regional sponsor of terrorism, any aggressive move could solidify Iran's position as the antagonist in the eyes of the international community. Moreover, with Iran's economy in dire straits, even the desire to respond might be overshadowed by the harsh realities of their financial limitations.

Meanwhile, Tehran appears intent on conveying that this restraint is not a sign of weakness but rather a deliberate display of strategic flexibility—or perhaps even an act of calculated magnanimity. Araghchi, after all, had earlier asserted that retaliation remains Iran's right, making it clear that any decision to withhold action is deliberate, not due to lack of resolve.

Araghchi already appears to be setting his diplomatic wheels in motion. On Thursday, he called for dialogue with the European Union to address bilateral issues following a conversation with the bloc’s top diplomat.

“The Islamic Republic of Iran welcomes the development of relations with the European Union in an environment based on mutual respect,” Araghchi stated late Thursday.

In a subtle move that could yet be another signal of a shift in tone, Iran extended congratulations to Ukraine on its Independence Day on Saturday. This gesture comes despite its ongoing support for Russia, including the supply of hundreds of Shahed drones since mid-2022, which have been used extensively to target civilian infrastructure and urban centers in Ukraine.

Whether this gesture signifies a significant change or a deft diplomatic maneuver remains uncertain, and Russia’s response to Iran’s potential diplomatic recalibration will undoubtedly draw keen attention.

Araghchi's Friday statements hinted at a nuanced recalibration in Iran's foreign policy, but he anchored every remark in the words of the Supreme Leader. He acknowledged a strategic pivot towards unity between the presidential administration and the "nezam" (regime) citing this as a key issue in the West's troubled relationship with Iran.

For many years, it has been evident that Tehran's officials often present a narrative to the West suggesting that Supreme Leader Khamenei must be persuaded to take any significant conciliatory steps. However, this tactic appears to have lost its impact, as the West increasingly sees any perceived divergence within the Iranian establishment—especially from Khamenei, the ultimate decision-maker—as largely inconsequential.

Araghchi also highlighted the Supreme Leader’s dual strategy: On one hand, there is the long-standing tactic of circumventing sanctions—a practice he subtly indicated falls outside the Foreign Ministry’s purview. On the other hand, the immediate and pressing priority is the removal of sanctions, primarily through negotiations with the West.

The practice of circumventing sanctions, often driven by the Revolutionary Guards, has not only failed to bolster the economy but has also exacerbated many of Iran's current challenges by fueling widespread corruption through illicit activities such as money laundering.

“During a meeting with members of Parliament, the Supreme Leader emphasized that sanctions can be lifted through honorable means, and it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to initiate and lead these efforts,” Araghchi said.

"If the opportunity arises to lift the sanctions, we will not hesitate for even an hour; our commitment to removing these sanctions—whether through negotiation or any other honorable and dignified means—will be unwavering and persistent," he added.

This tonal shift has subtly surfaced among Iran's leadership in recent days. On Friday, Iranian lawmaker Mojtaba Zonnour, once famously known for symbolically burning a copy of the 2015 nuclear deal in parliament, expressed support for the accord, provided broad consensus exists on its revival.

Even figures typically associated with more hardline rhetoric are signaling a change. Hassan Aboutorabi-Fard, Tehran's Interim Friday Prayer Imam, remarked that "the Islamic Republic has become a tangle of unresolved problems," cautioning that "if we neglect reform today, tomorrow may indeed be too late."

These officials are associated with both President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump. The company attributed these attempts to APT42, an Iranian hacker group widely believed to be linked to an intelligence division within Iran's military. This group has a history of conducting invasive surveillance operations, often targeting political figures and activists abroad.

According to Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, the hacking attempts were identified as part of a "small cluster of likely social engineering activity on WhatsApp." The attackers reportedly posed as technical support representatives from companies like AOL, Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft to gain unauthorized access. However, Meta intervened quickly, blocking the accounts after they were flagged as suspicious. There is no evidence that any targeted WhatsApp accounts were successfully compromised.

Earlier this month, Microsoft and Google reported attempts to breach US presidential campaigns ahead of the November election. The hackers appeared to have focused their efforts on political and diplomatic officials, business leaders, and other public figures in the US, Israel, the Palestinian territories, and the UK.

Last week, US intelligence agencies, including the FBI, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), issued a joint statement confirming Iranian state actors' involvement in recent cyberattacks targeting former President Trump's campaign. The statement highlighted an escalation in Iranian efforts to interfere with the ongoing election cycle, particularly through influence operations and cyber activities aimed at compromising presidential campaigns from both political parties.

According to a Friday report by Reuter, APT42, also known in the cybersecurity community as "Charming Kitten," is notorious for its sophisticated cyber espionage operations. The group has a well-documented history of placing surveillance software on the mobile phones of its targets, enabling them to record calls, steal texts, and even activate cameras and microphones remotely. This invasive approach poses a significant threat, especially given the group's focus on high-value targets in Washington and Israel.

Researchers from Mandiant, a leading US cybersecurity firm, told Reuters about the physical dangers of APT42's activities. There are documented cases where the group's cyber-surveillance preceded the physical targeting of Iranian activists and protesters, some of whom were subsequently imprisoned or threatened in Iran.

Tehran has consistently denied involvement in these cyber activities. In response to the recent US intelligence report attributing the Trump campaign hack to Iranian state actors, Iran's mission to the United Nations in a statement last week described the allegations as "unsubstantiated and devoid of any standing." It emphasized that Iran has neither the intention nor the motive to interfere in the US presidential election and challenged the US to provide concrete evidence of the alleged interference.

These developments seem to be part of a broader pattern of increasing Iranian cyber activities aimed at influencing the US presidential election. Reports from earlier this summer also suggested that Iran had devised a scheme to assassinate Trump, though Tehran has denied these allegations as well.

According to the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, among the targets of these attacks were a weapons depot in northwestern Hama, the command center of Brigade 47, and an air defense facility in Mount Maraan, where members of the IRGC's Quds Force, along with Syrian and non-Syrian militants supported by Iran, are stationed.

Additionally, Israeli forces targeted fuel depots belonging to Syrian members of Hezbollah in the west of the Homs refinery, as well as another site south of Mount Maraan, which served as the command center for the Iran-backed Rapid Response Group.

The air defense system stationed at the Hama military airport responded to the attacks but was unsuccessful in intercepting the Israeli missiles. As a result, a weapons depot and fuel tanks were destroyed, causing thick smoke to rise from the targeted sites due to the ignition of the fuel depots.

SANA, Syria's state news agency, confirmed the Israeli airstrike and reported that "seven civilians were injured, and damage was caused."

23 IRGC officers killed in Israeli attacks on Syria in 8 months

Since 2013, Israel has conducted numerous attacks against the IRGC's Quds Force and Iran-backed proxy forces in Syria, primarily targeting their military bases, weapons depots, and infrastructure to prevent the transfer of advanced weapons and equipment to Iran's proxy groups or to reduce their presence in Syria. These attacks have become more frequent in recent years.

In early April, an air strike on a building in Iran’s diplomatic compound in Damascus, killed seven Revolutionary Guard officers, including two generals. The incident led the Iranian military to undertake an unprecedented retaliatory drone and missile strike against Israel on April 13. Almost all of the 350 projectiles were shot down by Israeli air defense and allied warplanes.

According to reports from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Israel has conducted at least 60 air and missile strikes on targets in Syria since the beginning of 2024.

Reports indicate that these attacks, carried out in at least nine Syrian cities, have destroyed nearly 124 targets, including buildings, weapons and ammunition depots, centers, and vehicles belonging to the IRGC's Quds Force and Iran-backed proxy forces.

These strikes have resulted in the deaths of 181 military and militia personnel and injuries to 113 others.

Among those killed, at least 23 were Iranian officers of the IRGC's Quds Force, 116 were Lebanese, Syrian, and Iraqi members of Iran-backed proxy forces, and 42 were Syrian military personnel.

Abbas Salehi, nominated for the position of Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, emphasized the need for “national accord” between the government and the people, calling for a restoration of trust in the government. He was endorsed in parliament on Wednesday, along with others proposed by Pezeshkian.

Addressing President Masoud Pezeshkian’s vaguely defined concept of national accord, Salehi argued that it should be established on two levels: among Iran’s political factions and, more importantly, between the government and the public.

Salehi was alluding to the deepening fragmentation within Iranian society, where trust in the government has eroded due to the regime’s heavy-handed response to public dissent, beginning with the aftermath of the 2009 disputed presidential election and intensifying with the protests that have persisted since 2017, which intensified in 2022.

Additionally, Salehi urged greater attention to the demands of Iranian women, noting that the situation for women in Iran has evolved in recent years and that the government must recognize and adapt to these changes.

However, the government continues to imprison women activists, disregarding their demands. Meanwhile, despite Pezeshkian’s promises to rein in the Morality Police and curb the violence of hijab enforcers, Iranian authorities have aired the forced confession of a woman who was shot and paralyzed by police in northern Iran.

Apart from that, while the government was busy introducing the new ministers to the parliament, the authorities issued scores of death sentences and executed at least eight prisoners on Monday. This was a few days after Iran executed Reza Rasaei, a 34-year-old dissident who was arrested during the 2022 protests.

The new minister warned that the Iranian government must not overlook the demands of women. Salehi emphasized that the government is facing a significant decline in social capital, with research from the past decade highlighting this issue as a serious concern.

He also noted the growing divide between officials and the public, including the estrangement of artists and media activists, whose demands for freedom of speech have been consistently ignored by the government. Whether the new Culture Minister can, or will, take meaningful steps to bridge this divide remains to be seen.

In recent years, officials have lamented that the public's primary sources of news and information have shifted abroad. Meanwhile, media activists have pointed out that hundreds of Iranian journalists have fled the country following nationwide protests and the government's crackdown on press freedom.

Salehi pledged to contribute to fostering national accord, but observers are skeptical. Even if his promise is sincere, decisions about media freedom in Iran’s tightly controlled environment ultimately rest with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Whether Khamenei views increased media freedom as a threat to his government remains highly debatable.

The new minister highlighted that the percentage of Iranians with university degrees has risen from 2% in 1976 to over 20% in 2024, signaling the emergence of a middle class well-versed in critical thinking and culturally connected to the global community. He also noted that Iran now has 1.5 million female university students—a fiftyfold increase since 1976. “We simply cannot ignore that vast number,” he emphasized.

Salehi added, “Women have their own expectations and demands regarding their lifestyle and their individual and social rights, and this must be taken into account in shaping the relationship between the government and society.”