Iran's Hardliners Tell Reformists No Boycotting Elections
A comment by a leading Iranian reformist about the likelihood of boycotting the 2024 parliamentary elections has led to an intense war of words with hardliners.
A comment by a leading Iranian reformist about the likelihood of boycotting the 2024 parliamentary elections has led to an intense war of words with hardliners.
Conservative heavyweight Mohammad Reza Bahonar triggered the political confrontation by threatening Iran's reformists that they would be treated as “outsiders” if they boycott the upcoming elections. This is a serious threat in the Islamic Republic’s political context.
Two days later, a prominent conservative figure, Bijan Moghaddam, who is close to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the Revolutionary Guard, tried to smooth out Bahonar’s comment, under reformists pressure, saying that this was Bahonar’s own view and did not reflect the position of the ruling hardliners.
Bahonar had used the vernacular term "khavarej" about reformists if they boycott the elections. The word meaning outsiders, also means in the Iranian religious context "those who opposed Imam Ali," the first Imam of the Shiite sect who was eventually assassinated by khavarej (the Kharijites). The word is almost synonymous with heretics.
Bahonar had made the statement after reformist theoretician Saeed Hajjarian mentioned boycotting as one of the six possible reactions by reformist if hardliners prevent or restrict their right to run in the elections.
Hundreds of reformist candidates were banned in the 2020 parliamentary vote by the conservative Guardian Council loyal to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The result was a very low-turnout election in which hardliners won a commanding majority in the legislature.
While they show little sign of giving reformists a fair chance in March 2024, there is talk of simply boycotting the vote. At the same time that hardliners want to continue their monopoly of power, they are concerned about another low-turnout elections that would further tarnish the image of the regime.
In his interview with Khabar Onlineon Monday, Moghaddam maintained that reformists' maneuvers indicate they are likely to boycott the election. He said in a tone milder than Bahonar's: "Calling for participation in the elections is essential for Iran's security and national interests."
Moghaddam also said, "Both the Supreme Leader and the people expect reformists to take part in the elections." Again, this was a threat milder and more diplomatic than Bahonar's.
However, speaking of the voters, many people have commented on social media that Iranians have said over and over during recent protests that they no longer trust the reformists or the conservatives, and what they want is in fact a regime change.
Earlier, Azar Mansoori, the leader of Iran's Reform Front, an umbrella organization consisting of several reformist parties and political groups, addressed Bahonar in a July 2 telling him that if he is concerned about low turnout, instead of threatening reformists he should tell his fellow conservatives to allow fair competition.
In another tweet on the same date, prominent Iranian sociologist Mohammad Fazeli wrote: "Such a threat…reveals a significant characteristic of Iranian politics today."
Hajjarian, a former intelligence operative, had made it clear in his statement that "as the current government does not want reformists' political participation, reformists may consider taking part in the elections only if President Raisi resigns or is ousted."
Moghaddam told Khabar Online that "statements against the elections by some politicians may be assessed as a threat against national security." He added: "When you put forward preconditions that cannot be met, you are obviously paving the way for boycotting the elections."
Former IRGC officer Ghorban Ali Salavatian wrote in a tweet on July 3, "Some of the conservatives cannot talk properly and in a timely manner. So, they shoot themselves in the foot like Mr. Bahonar who has threatened the reformists rather than trying to encourage them to take part in the elections. Referring to Bahonar's outdated rhetoric, another user wrote that "Individuals like Bahonar continue to live in the 1980s."
Another comment said "What you quoted was what Bahonar said directly. Indirectly, however, he was begging the Reformists to form a coalition with a group of conservatives including himself."
“We independently filed our claim before the International Criminal Court and support the four affected countries’ referral to the International Court of Justice,” the Association said in a statement.
“Those who ordered and carried out the crime [involving] the Ukrainian airliner will not be left alone,” Javad Soleimani who lost his young wife Elnaz Nabii in the tragedy tweeted Wednesday and said suing the Islamic Republic was a very important step to attain justice for which the Association made great efforts.
“They murdered 177 innocent civilians, blatantly disrespected their remains, looted and robbed their belongings, lied for three days until they were exposed and continued to subvert justice, the Association of Families of Flight PS752 said in a statement Wednesday.
“The Islamic regime staged show trials at an unqualified and partial military tribunal to convict an unknown patsy for negligence and failure to obey orders, and sentenced him to ten years in prison,” the statement said and thanked the four countries and their legal team for “working steadfastly towards their commitment to truth and justice.”
Some of the victims’ families held a seminar in Toronto Wednesday entitled Flight PS752, Our Mission: Truth and Justice and said they would gather at the city’s Mel Lastman Square to remember the victims.
The Association’s statement was released after the announcement of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the same day that it received a joint application by Canada, Britain, Ukraine and Sweden which constitute the International Coordination and Response Group for the Victims of Flight PS752 against the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the dispute over the downing of the flight on January 8, 2020 which killed all 177 onboard including an unborn child.
In a press release Wednesday, ICJ in the Hague, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations often referred to as the World Court, said the applicants claim that Iran has violated a series of obligations under the Montreal Convention because of the shooting down the civilian aircraft by military personnel of the Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) on January 8, 2020.
They also say Iran subsequently failed to conduct an impartial, transparent, and fair criminal investigation and prosecution consistent with international law.
“Iran must be held to account for their actions and we will continue to fight for the transparency, accountability and justice that victims' families deserve,” Canada’s minister of foreign affairs, Melanie Joly, tweeted after the announcement.
In a tweet Wednesday, UK ambassador to Tehran, Simon Shercliff, said the legal action reflects his country’s unwavering committed to achieving transparency, justice and accountability for the families of the victims.
Iran's hardliners have been comparing the incident with the downing of Flight IR655 on July 3, 1988, by the USS Vincennes. All 290 people onboard the Airbus were killed.
“With today marking the 33rd anniversary of the shooting down of the Iranian civilian airplane #IR655 which resulted in the death of 290 passengers and crew including 66 children, those who were shedding crocodile tears after the Ukrainian plane crash are nowhere to be seen,” a Twitter account bearing the name of Brigadier General Amir-Ali Hajizadeh, the Revolutionary Guards Aerospace Commander at the time of the incident, said on July 3.
Flying from Bandar Abbas in southern Iran towards Dubai, the UAE, IR655 was shot down during the Iran–Iraq War (1980-1988). The United States claimed the Vincennes crew had incorrectly identified the Airbus as an attacking Iranian Air Force F-14 Tomcat and that the airliner was targeted after ten attempts to contact the aircraft both on military and civilian frequencies to no avail.
US President Ronald Reagan sent a written diplomatic note to the Islamic republic shortly after the incident and expressed his deep regret for the shooting down of the plane and declared that reparations or compensation to the families of victims were "a matter that has to be discussed."
Citing the foreign ministry, Saudi state news agency SPA said on Tuesday that the kingdom enjoys “full rights” along with Kuwait to the disputed gas and oil field in the resource-rich Persian Gulf, a declaration that came after Tehran said it was preparing to start drilling.
Called Arash in Iran and Durra or Dorra by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait -- the offshore field was discovered in 1967 and is estimated to have a total proven reserves of around 310 million barrels of oil and 20 trillion cubic feet of gas.
Iran claims any development without its consent breaks international laws, 40 percent of the field located in its territorial waters. However, Saudi Aramco Gulf Operations Company signed a Memorandum of Understanding in December with Kuwait Gulf Oil Company (KGOC) to develop the joint gas field, leaving Iran out of the project. Outraged by the snub, Iran said it has a stake in the field and called the Saudi-Kuwaiti agreement "illegal".
However, it evoked an angry response. “The natural resources in the divided area, including the entire Al-Durra field, is jointly owned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of Kuwait only,” said a Saudi foreign ministry official, claiming that “only these two states have full sovereign rights to exploit the wealth in that region.”
Both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait also renewed their call on Iran to start negotiations on the demarcation of the disputed area with the two Arab countries as one negotiating party.
On Monday, Kuwait’s foreign ministry issued a statement echoing Saudi's claims. Also calling on Tehran to start negotiations, Kuwaiti Oil Minister Saad Al-Barrak said: “We categorically and totally reject Iran’s planned activities around the premises of the Durra offshore gas field."
Earlier in March, Kuwait and Iran had held joint negotiations in Tehran regarding the demarcation of their maritime borders, where both sides stressed the need to settle the matter according to international laws.
An unnamed official of the National Iranian Oil Company told the Kuwaiti newspaper Al-Jarida that the first round of negotiations between the foreign ministries of Iran and Kuwait regarding the delineation of the maritime borders "was not fruitful".
Iran’s Economy Minister Ehsan Khandouzi, who led an economic delegation to the Saudi city of Jeddah in May, sought to address the issue in his trip but the Saudi side rejected calls for discussions, claiming Riyadh has no joint field with Iran that it wants to discuss, prompting Iran to announce plans for drilling operations in the field.
The dispute over the Dorra field stretches back to the 1960s, when Iran and Kuwait each awarded an offshore concession, one to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the forerunner to BP, and one to Royal Dutch Shell. The two concessions overlapped in the northern part of the field, whose recoverable reserves are estimated at some 220 billion cubic meters (seven trillion cubic feet).
Described by Iranian social media users as “the end of the honeymoon” phase following the recent détente between Tehran and Riyadh, the latest round of controversies surrounding the field operations arose after Mohsen Khojsteh-Mehr, the managing director of the National Iranian Oil Company, said last week that "there is full preparation to start drilling in the joint Arash oil field" and that “considerable resources” had been allocated to explore the offshore field.
Last week, Saudi Arabian Oil Company and TotalEnergies signed an $11 billion contract to build a petrochemicals complex near the offshore field.
Criticizing the Iranian government’s inaction vis-a-vis the project, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Association of Iranian Oil and Gas Drilling Companies Hedayatollah Khademi told ILNA news website in Tehran last month: “It seems that we have surrendered the joint fields to the neighbors.”
Highlighting the fact that Riyadh has significantly developed and extracted from joint fields such as Arash/Durra, Farzad-A, Farzad-B, and Forouzan despite the fact that Iran dug the first exploratory wells in the fields, he said the regime has "not done anything" in the face of encroachment.
Chevron CVX.N said one incident involved the Richmond Voyager, a very large crude carrier managed by the US oil company, and that crew onboard were safe.
An Iranian navy vessel fired shots during the second seizure attempt, Navy Fifth Fleet spokesperson Timothy Hawkins said.
Both incidents took place in the Persian Gulf in waters between Iran and Oman.
Hawkins did not say how the US Navy prevented their seizure. Details regarding the second vessel involved in the incident were not immediately clear.
Since 2019, there have been a series of attacks on shipping in the strategic Persian Gulf waters at times of tension between the United States and Iran.
Iran seized two oil tankers in a week just over a month ago, the US Navy said.
In May, the United States announced that it was bolstering its presence in the Persian Gulf to counter destabilizing actions by Iran against commercial shipping.
“[The] United States will not allow foreign or regional powers to jeopardize freedom of navigation through the Middle East waterways, including the Strait of Hormuz,” National Security Council Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby told reporters May 12. The US Navy in early June said that Iran had interfered with or attacked 15 internationally flagged merchant ships over the past two years.
Iran’s provocative actions come as attempts to restrict its uranium enrichment and reaching a nuclear agreement have remained unsuccessful since President Joe Biden assumed office in January 2021. Since then, Iran has expanded military cooperation with Russia, supplying hundreds of kamikaze drones that are being used in Ukraine against civilian and military targets.
About a fifth of the world's supply of crude oil and oil products passes through the Strait of Hormuz, a choke point between Iran and Oman, according to data from analytics firm Vortexa.
Refinitiv ship tracking data shows the Richmond Voyager previously docked in Ras Tannoura in eastern Saudi Arabia before Wednesday's incident in the Persian Gulf.
A Chevon spokesperson said "there is no loss of life, injury, or loss of containment" aboard the Richmond Voyager.
"The vessel is operating normally. The safety of our crew is our top priority," the spokesperson said in a statement.
In early June Iran claimed that it was forming an alliance with Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf states, as well as India and Pakistan.
"The countries of the region have today realized that only cooperation with each other brings security to the area," Iranian army's navy commander Shahram Irani was quoted as saying June 3.
The US reacted quickly saying it “defies reason” for the Islamic Republic to be part of a regional naval alliance while it is the main reason for maritime insecurity in the Persian Gulf region.
US 5th Fleet and Combined Maritime Forces spokesperson Cmdr. Tim Hawkins told Breaking Defense, a digital news outlet on global military, “It defies reason that Iran, the number one cause of regional instability, claims it wants to form a naval security alliance to protect the very waters it threatens.”
With reporting by Reuters