Iran, Armenia Reject Azerbaijani Drug-Smuggling Accusations

Two local research institutes jointly sponsored a mini conference about economic diplomacy, which mainly revolved around the merits of the current emphasis by Iran on expanding ties with China and Russia to save its economy from crisis and a subtle rebuttal by one of the speakers.

At the two ends of the spectrum, a former ambassador to South Africa and former deputy oil minister Asghar Ebrahimi-Asl defended the strategy of relying on East, while the head of the Iran-China chamber of commerce Majid Reza Hariri spoke about the importance of foreign investments and strong ties with all economic powers.

Ebrahimi-Asl, who is a petroleum engineer reportedly with an MS degree from the University of Southern California (USC), criticized what he said was the policy of the former Rouhani administration in trying to improve ties with Europe and the United States. He was referring to nuclear negotiations with world powers that resulted in the 2015 nuclear deal later abandoned by former US president Donald Trump and the imposition of harsh sanctions.

Ebrahimi-Asl argued for Iran’s self-reliance, echoing arguments by Principlists and hardliners who follow Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei’s dictum. The former deputy oil minister insisted that fossil fuels will remain important well into the next decades and Iran has plenty of oil and gas reserves it can rely on. He also defended the view that the US is not a reliable country and will continue to plot against Iran.

Clearly, Ebrahimi-Asl said, the United States has faced defeats and failures while countries in the East and members of BRICS have become economic powers that Iran can rely on.

Majid Reza Hariri, with carefully observing the redlines of the Islamic Republic in public discourse, tried to put the emphasis on the acute need for foreign investments, which need good relations with the rest of the world.

First, he argued that the recent media and official emphasis on ‘economic diplomacy’ to boost trade suffers from a lack of clear definition. Iran’s decision makers should clarify what the term economic diplomacy means.

Hariri said that Iran chooses military influence in the region over influence in commerce with countries such as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, but economic power is another important factor in strengthening national security.

The head of the China chamber of commerce implicitly referred to Iran’s policies which encouraged self-isolation after the 1980s Iran-Iraq war and said that if foreign companies had come and stayed in Iran and invested, it would have been much harder for others to impose sanctions on the country.

Hariri also drew attention to capital flight from Iran. He said capital that has left the country is three times more than foreign investments in the past three decades. He argued that state entities and three consecutive presidents since 1997 have failed to reach their targets in industrial development and expansion.

Hariri’s remark means that he is pinpointing inherent and systemic problems with Iran’s economic vision and policies, even before serious sanctions were imposed first by the United Nations from 2011-2015 and then by the US in 2018.

Hariri, at the end, emphasized the importance of economic ties with China but he also highlighted Iran’s favorable geo-economic position in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman and argued for the country to expand on commerce and serve as an international commercial hub.

Iranian media published a video of the farmers sitting in the office Hossein Mirzaei a cleric and a member of parliament representing a district of Esfahan. Mirzaei had earlier said that special prayers for rain could help alleviate drought in the province. Farmers who have long blamed the government for mismanaging water resources decided to stage a protest.

Farmers around the ancient city of Esfahan have been protesting since 2017 for lack of irrigation water that has been diverted by the government to the neighboring Yazd province. These protests at times have been rowdy but so far authorities have failed to solve the problem.

During the sit-in at the lawmaker’s office, the farmers said they will wait until he shows up and prays for rain and will leave only when it rains.

The Islamic Republic newspaper wrote, “This gathering is in reality a protest to those who instead of taking practical steps to solve problems, invite the people to pray.”

Abbas Mohammadian, who was appointed to the post by IRGC Commander Hossein Salami earlier this week, has told the media in Tehran on Friday that his organization, the Media Basij, will strive to direct the media in a way that they would explain the Islamic Republic's underlying theme of Velayat-e Faqih, (Guardianship of the Jurisconsult), or the principle of Supreme Leader’s legitimacy to the people.

Basij is IRGC's paramilitary force, and its members are embedded in all government offices, industrial entities and social institutions to uphold and reinforce the regime's authority. The organization maintains 144 battalions whose job is to help shore up the regime’s authority among the public.

Mohammadian explained that Khamenei believes "the media have forgotten spirituality," and is unhappy because they have not met his expectations. Mohammadian reiterated that the media have done very little in explaining the virtues of the Supreme Leader to the people.

He went on to say that this is a matter to be followed up by the Culture Ministry. Recently, Culture MinisterMohammad Mehdi Esmaili announced an extensive plan to restructure the state media system to make it more consistent with the hardline nature of the governing Islamic system.

Morteza Kazemain, a journalist in London, told Iran International TV Friday morning that Khamenei's unhappiness about the media reflects his interest in consolidating his authoritarian rule. Kazemian added that the IRGC uses the Media Basij to convince the people about the regime's authority and to spread disinformation to serve the regime's interests.

Kazemian further said that thousands of Media Basij members all over Iran create content on social media to counter news and information dissemination by other traditional and social media outlets including foreign-based news organizations.

An indication of Khamenei's unhappiness with the media is that he did not extend the mandate of former state TV chief Abdolali Ali Askari after his first five years, and the director before him, Mohammad Sarafraz wrote in his memoir that he had to resign his post after only two years as the IRGC intervened in his responsibilities.

Meanwhile, as Kazemian pointed out, Khamenei has always had a negative attitude toward the media. He has not had any interviews with the press or his own state TV during the 32 years he has been Iran's Supreme Leader.

According to several polls conducted by state-owned polling agencies, the state television's popularity has been constantly dropping during the past years, particularly in the past three years when the state TV lost another 15 percent of its viewers.

At the same time, as Ensaf News website observed, the daily readership of Iranian newspapers has plummeted dramatically during the past two years, declining to as little as 1,000-3,000 copies for flagship dailies. The papers contested the website's report not because it was not true, but because they keep pretending to have a high readership to get more subsidies from the government.

Censorship and government control has not left anything interesting in the press. Readers, instead turn to social media where some of the platforms are highly popular. Instagram has over 22 million users and Telegram has more than 45 million users according to government officials. This is probably the reason why the Iranian government is so adamant to block access to social media such as Facebook and You Tube.

Enrique Mora, the EU coordinator of the Iran nuclear talks in Vienna, has failed in a visit to Tehran to agree a concrete date for resuming negotiations.

Mora met Thursday with Ali Bagheri, a new deputy foreign minister who appears to lead for Iran’s new administration on the nuclear issue, to discuss stalled efforts to revive Iran’s 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action).

The Iranian foreign ministry after the meeting said in a statement there had been agreement to continue dialogue in Brussels in coming days.

Borrell said that Iran wants to meet in Brussels with EU officials who are coordinating indirect talks between the United States and Iran along with some other parties to the 2015 nuclear deal.

There was no mention of a US presence if a meeting takes place in brussels, which would mean that Iran in effect stops the process of indirect talks with the Biden Administration.

Borrell told reporters in Washington that he was ready to meet the Iranians, but could not say when that might happen.

"I am ready to receive them, if needed," Borrell said, adding that he did not think talks in Brussels were absolutely necessary but that he had to be willing to be somewhat "patient on this issue, because we cannot afford to fail."

Not yet ready

An EU official said that while Tehran was “not yet ready for engaging in Vienna” it was “absolutely decided to go back to Vienna…They insisted they want practical talks…with a final agreement on how to bring the JCPOA back to life.”

The Vienna talks were suspended in June for Iran’s presidential election and transition to the administration of President Ebrahim Raisi (Raeesi). Tehran has insisted it needs time to review the process.

Signaling growing impatience in Europe, a French foreign ministry spokesman said Friday Iran needed to show by action its willingness to resume talks.With European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell in Washington for soundings, his spokesman Peter Stano said Thursday: “We are awaiting the Iranians' response…There is an urgent need to resume discussions very soon."

“If Iran demands more or offers less, these negotiations will not succeed," US Press Secretary Jen Psaki said in her Thursday briefing, adding that she was not going to "get into hypotheticals.”

Washington takes part in the Vienna talks only indirectly, although removing US sanctions are Iran’s key demand. President Joe Biden has continued ‘maximum pressure’ sanctions against Iran despite his campaign pledge to return to JCPOA, from which President Donald Trump withdrew the US in 2018.

Good-will gesture

Iran’s foreign minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian last week said he had suggested to the US that they release $10 billion of Tehran’s blocked funds as a good-will gesture. There have also been reports that Iran wants guarantees the US would not again leave any agreement and re-impose sanctions.

In a tweet Mikhail Ulyanov, Russia’s envoy in Vienna, said that Amir-Abdollahian and Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov had reaffirmed in a phone call Thursday that restoring the JCPOA "in initial configuration" was the only way to “ensure all parties' rights and interests." Moscow is committed to the original logic of the JCPOA as a non-proliferation agreement and has distanced itself from reports that the US wants to include defense and security issues in the talks.

In another tweet, reacting to remarks from Mora Thursday, Ulyanov stressed Moscow’s shared position with the Europe while noting Russia saw "no reason for pessimism."

Other options

On Wednesday, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and his British, French and German counterparts all described Mora’s trip as critical in bringing Iran back to the table. Blinken said the US would look to “other options” if Iran refused to cut its nuclear program back to JCPOA limits, which Tehran began to exceed in 2019 in response to US ‘maximum pressure’ sanctions.

In an interview Tuesday Rob Malley, the US special envoy on Iran, said Washington wanted to “get back to the JCPOA to calm things down,” but there has also been wide media coverage of US-Israel consultation, with former Mossad chief Yossi Cohen stressing Israel’s option of bombing Iran’s nuclear sites.

Diplomatic efforts since April to bring Tehran back into the 2015 nuclear deal have not succeeded as Iran continues enriching uranium and getting closer to the threshold of having enough fissile material for a bomb.

Israeli, Saudi and Emirati top officials in Washington this week discussed the stalled Iran nuclear negotiations with top US officials. The US regional allies have been concerned over the Biden Administration’s plans to revive the 2015 nuclear deal (JCPOA), which they think is inadequate to address their concerns over Iran’s policies.

In an interview with the Financial Times earlier bin Farahan said bilateral talks between Riyadh and Tehran have been “cordial” and “exploratory”, adding that Saudi Arabia has a serious approach to the negotiations, but they have not made substantial progress and to reach a stage for normalization of relations.

Riyadh severed ties with Tehran after rioters ransacked its diplomatic mission in Iran in January 2016.

Bin Farhan gave a wide-ranging news conference in Washington on regional developments during his visit to the United States.